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目的:探讨不同分娩和喂养方式对婴儿生长发育的影响。方法:选择到北京市顺义区俸伯卫生院接受体检或注射疫苗的满1月龄婴儿194名,根据分娩和喂养方式分为6组,在1、3、6月龄时测量身长、体重、头围、胸围、腹围、前囟大小以及肱三头肌部、肩胛下角部、脐旁3个部位的皮褶厚度,采用方差分析法比较不同分娩方式、喂养方式婴儿的生长发育情况。结果:3月龄时,自然分娩母乳喂养组和剖宫产母乳喂养组婴儿身长和身长增长明显大于自然分娩混合喂养组,同时自然分娩母乳喂养组婴儿身长明显大于自然分娩人工喂养组,剖宫产人工喂养组婴儿身长增长大于自然分娩混合喂养组;剖宫产人工喂养组婴儿的脐旁皮褶厚度小于其他各组(P<0.05)。结论:喂养方式对6月龄内婴儿生长发育有一定影响,母乳喂养可以促进身长、体重和脂肪发育,而分娩方式对6月龄内婴儿生长发育没有明显影响。
Objective: To investigate the effects of different birth and feeding modes on infant growth and development. Methods: A total of 194 full-month-old infants who received physical examination or vaccination at Shunbe Hospital, Shunyi District, Beijing were divided into 6 groups according to delivery and feeding methods. Body length, body weight, Head circumference, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, anterior fontanel, and triceps, subscapular angle, and umbilical plica thickness were measured. ANOVA was used to compare the growth and development of infants in different modes of delivery and feeding. Results: At 3 months of age, the height and length of infants in spontaneous delivery breastfeeding group and cesarean section breastfeeding group were significantly longer than those of natural delivery mixed feeding group. At the same time, the length of spontaneous delivery breastfeeding group was significantly longer than that of spontaneous delivery artificial feeding group and cesarean section The growth of infants born in artificial feeding group was longer than that of mixed feeding in natural delivery group. The thickness of umbilical skinfold in infants fed cesarean section was smaller than that in other groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: Feeding methods have some influence on infant growth and development within 6 months. Breastfeeding can promote body length, weight and fat development. However, delivery mode has no obvious effect on infant growth and development within 6 months.