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通过观测花器官、开花动态、花粉胚珠比、访花昆虫,对生长在吐鲁番沙漠植物园的4种沙拐枣(Calligonum)的花部特征和传粉特性进行研究。结果表明:4种沙拐枣均具两性花,但花部各器官的颜色、大小等在种间存在一定差异;单花开放动态相似,花粉序次呈现;花香气主要来自于花药和花托;花粉为“淀粉质”;花粉胚珠比值31 000~44 750,需要传粉者,虫媒和风媒并存;意大利蜂为主要有效的传粉昆虫,为典型的高移出低沉降;花粉序次呈现、意大利蜂较高的访花频率及重复拜访有利于提高传粉效率;花粉数量和品质不是造成果实无胚率高的原因,可能是由自身花粉阻塞和资源限制造成的,还有待于进一步研究。
The floral characters and pollination characteristics of four Calligonum species growing in the Turpan Desert Botanical Garden were studied by observing floral organs, flowering dynamics, pollen ovule ratio and pollinators. The results showed that the four species of A. jujuba were both bisexual, but the color and size of the organs of the flowers had some differences among species. The dynamics of single flower was similar to the order of pollen. The floral aroma mainly came from anther and receptacle. Pollen is “starchy”; the pollen ovule ratio is 31 000-44 750, pollinators need to be co-existed with insect vectors and wind vectors; the Italian bee is the most effective pollinating insect with typical high removal and low subsidence; The higher visiting frequency and repeated visits of Italian bees help to improve the efficiency of pollination. The reason why the pollen quality and quantity are not caused by high pollination and resource limitation may be due to further studies.