空化是危害既广泛又明显的水力学现象。在我们特别是黄河这样多泥沙河流上修建大型水利枢纽就遇到底孔泄流孔壁及门槽壁的空蚀问题、严重地影响工程的寿命。国外过去在空化这方面的研究大都是在清水进行的。挟沙水流的空化现象实际是液、气、沙三相流动问题,其机理及影响相当复杂。迄今对这个问题的研究尚如于初期探索阶段。 Cavitation is a hydrodynamic phenomenon that is both damaging and manifest. The construction of large-scale water control projects on such silt rivers as we, especially the Yellow River, has encountered problems of cavitation erosion at the bottom hole and the channel wall, which seriously affects the life of the project. Foreign past cavitation in most of this research carried out in water. Sediment-laden water flow cavitation phenomenon is actually liquid, gas, sand flow problems, the mechanism and impact is quite complicated. So far the study of this issue is still at an early stage of exploration.