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目的分析山东省2011年疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统的运转情况。方法通过AEFI监测系统,收集2011年AEFI个案数据,采用描述性方法对AEFI监测系统运转进行评价,对AEFI病例进行流行病学分析。结果 2011年全省142个县(区、市)均有AEFI数据报告,48h内报告率为97.09%,48h内调查率为98.80%。全省AEFI监测系统共收到个案8045例,其中≤1岁占76.97%,男女性别比为1.42:1。报告的AEFI中,国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗占75.71%,首剂接种疫苗占62.92%,其中82.87%发生在接种后≤1d;一般反应占97.05%,预防接种异常反应占2.56%,其中过敏反应和卡介苗淋巴结炎占1.72%。估算全省NIP疫苗常见预防接种异常反应报告发生率为0.09/100万～49.52/100万。8000例(99.44%)治愈或好转;5例(0.06%)死亡,其中预防接种异常反应2例(0.02%);5例(0.06%)有后遗症。结论山东省AEFI监测敏感性和监测质量尚需提高。AEFI常发生在小年龄儿童、NIP疫苗、首剂接种、接种后≤1d,此为监测重点。
Objective To analyze the occurrence of AEFI in Shandong Province in 2011 and evaluate the operation of AEFI monitoring system. Methods AEFI monitoring system was used to collect 2011 AEFI case data, and the descriptive method was used to evaluate the operation of AEFI monitoring system. Epidemiological analysis of AEFI cases was conducted. Results In 2011, AEFI data was reported in 142 counties (districts and cities) throughout the province, with a reported rate of 97.09% within 48 hours and a rate of 98.80% within 48 hours. A total of 8045 cases were received by the AEFI monitoring system in the province, of which, ≤1 years old accounted for 76.97% and the male-to-female sex ratio was 1.42: 1. Among the reported AEFIs, the National Immunization Program (NIP) vaccine accounted for 75.71% of the total, and the first vaccination accounted for 62.92%, of which 82.87% occurred after inoculation ≤1d; the general response rate was 97.05% and the vaccination rate was 2.56 %, Of which allergic reactions and BCG lymphadenitis accounted for 1.72%. Estimates of the province’s NIP vaccine common vaccination abnormal response reports the incidence of 0.09 / 1 million to 49.52 / 1 million. 8 cases (99.44%) were cured or improved; 5 cases (0.06%) died. Among them, 2 cases (0.02%) had abnormal vaccination and 5 cases (0.06%) had sequelae. Conclusion The sensitivity and quality of AEFI monitoring in Shandong Province need to be improved. AEFI often occurs in small children, NIP vaccine, the first dose, after vaccination ≤ 1d, this is the monitoring focus.