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数字化的流域观测系统是数字流域的重要组成部分。①首先介绍了水循环卫星遥感和地面观测的最新进展,以及航空遥感在流域观测中的重要作用。②介绍了对于流域观测系统的构想。认为流域观测系统应兼顾陆面过程、水文、生态观测的不同空间尺度和时间尺度,监测与控制试验并重,地面与遥感配合,重视采样设计,重视新兴观测手段,与信息系统和模型高度集成,科学目标导向,模型需求驱动。③黑河流域观测系统由位于流域上中下游不同景观带的野外研究站、综合观测试验以及气象水文业务化观测网络组成,在流域内先后开展了HEIFE实验、金塔试验和黑河综合遥感联合试验。④介绍了对于流域观测系统的进一步构想:增强遥感观测能力是关键,集成遥感、地面观测和模型模拟才能更好地定量估计水循环,流域观测系统应和信息系统、综合模型等共同构成流域科学研究的信息基础设施,更好地为流域科学服务。
Digital watershed observation system is an important part of digital watershed. Firstly, the latest progress of satellite remote sensing and surface observation of water cycle and the important role of aviation remote sensing in river basin observation are introduced. ② introduced the concept of watershed observation system. It is considered that the basin observation system should take into account different spatial scales and time scales of land-surface processes, hydrological and ecological observations, pay equal attention to monitoring and control experiments, match ground and remote sensing, pay attention to sampling design, attach importance to emerging observation methods, integrate highly with information systems and models, Scientific goal-oriented, model-driven. (3) The observation system of Heihe River basin consists of field research station, comprehensive observation experiment and observational network of meteorological and hydrological services located in the upper and lower reaches of the basin with different landscapes. The HEIFE experiment, the Urn test and the Heihe integrated remote sensing experiment were successively carried out in the basin. (4) The concept of watershed observing system is introduced further. It is the key to enhance the observational ability of the watershed. Integrated remote sensing, surface observation and model simulation can better estimate the water cycle. The observing system of watershed should form the scientific research of watershed together with the information system and integrated model Information infrastructure to better serve the watershed science.