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目的了解广州市居民健康相关行为所处的水平以及形成不良健康行为的原因,提出相应建议改善居民不良健康行为。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,对广州市越秀区、天河区、海珠区、荔湾区、白云区、番禺区、从化市7个区(市)年满18周岁以上常住居民的部分健康相关行为(包括吃早餐、睡眠充足、体育运动和健康体检四方面)进行问卷调查,并对不良健康行为形成原因进行统计分析。结果在1 179例受访居民中,男性占49.96%(589/1 179),女性占50.04%(590/1 179);平均年龄为(42.61±16.78)岁;婚姻状况以已婚者为主,占71.45%(836/1 179);学历以初中及高中/中专/技校为主,分别占30.55%(359/1 179)、26.47%(311/1 179)。受访居民吃早餐行为形成率最高,为81.85%(965/1 179),不吃早餐的主要原因为没有吃早餐的习惯,占37.44%(79/211)。每天睡眠时间≥7 h的人数占77.35%(912/1 179),睡眠不足的主要原因为忙于工作或家务,占46.99%(125/266)。运动量达到“每周2次,每次30 min”的人数占68.02%(802/1 179),运动量不足的主要原因是没有时间参加运动,占73.47%(277/377)。到医院定期健康体检的行为形成率最低,为50.38%(594/1 179),不参加体检的主要原因是认为自己身体好没必要体检,占64.20%(373/581)。结论广州市居民部分健康相关行为形成率较低,可能与健康观念薄弱有关,应加强全民健康教育,促进人们建立新的行为和生活方式。
Objective To understand the level of health-related behaviors of residents in Guangzhou and the reasons for the formation of unhealthy behaviors, and to put forward corresponding suggestions to improve the bad health behaviors of residents. Methods The multistage stratified sampling method was used to analyze the health behaviors of some residents over the age of 18 in Yuexiu District, Tianhe District, Haizhu District, Liwan District, Baiyun District, Panyu District and 7 districts (cities) of Conghua City (Including breakfast, adequate sleep, physical activity and physical examination) to conduct a questionnaire survey and analyze the causes of unhealthy behaviors. Results Of the 1,179 residents surveyed, 49.96% (589/1 179) were male and 50.04% (590/1 179) were female; the average age was (42.61 ± 16.78) years old; marital status was mainly married , Accounting for 71.45% (836/1 179). The educational background mainly includes junior middle school, high school, secondary school and technical school, accounting for 30.55% (359/1 179) and 26.47% (311/1 179) respectively. The highest incidence of eating breakfast was 81.85% (965/1 179). The main reason for not eating breakfast was eating without breakfast, accounting for 37.44% (79/211). The number of people who sleep more than 7 hours per day accounted for 77.35% (912/1 179). The main reason for lack of sleep was working or housework, accounting for 46.99% (125/266). The number of exercise “2 times a week for 30 minutes” accounted for 68.02% (802/1 179). The main reason for the lack of exercise was the lack of time to participate in exercise, accounting for 73.47% (277/377). The lowest incidence of regular physical examination at hospitals was 50.38% (594/1 179). The main reason for not attending medical examinations was that they were physically fit and did not need medical examinations, accounting for 64.20% (373/581). Conclusions Guangzhou residents have a lower incidence of some health-related behaviors, which may be related to the weak health concept. Health education should be strengthened to promote people to establish new behaviors and lifestyles.