2015-2016年上海市手足口病某定点医院报告病例的流行特征分析

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目的了解2015-2016年上海市某手足口病定点医院患者分布、病原学情况以及气象因素对该院手足口病人数的影响。方法收集2015-2016年上海市某手足口病定点医院手足口病就诊病例,分析疾病分布;并采集患者咽拭子/肛拭子标本,检测病原;收集2015-2016年上海地区气象资料,分析气象因素对某手足口病定点医院就诊人数的影响。结果 2015-2016年上海市某手足口病定点医院共报告16 447例手足口病病例,其中男性患者多于女性患者,5岁以下患者为12 474例,占总患者人数的75.84%,是手足口病的重点防治对象;手足口病全年均有发生,发病高峰位于6~7月,托幼机构、学校、家庭是手足口病发病的主要场所,且这些场所易发生手足口病聚集性事件。该病病原体主要包括肠道病毒71型(EVA71)、柯萨奇病毒A16型(CV-A16)、柯萨奇病毒A10型(CV-A10)、柯萨奇病毒A6型(CV-A6)。气象资料(温度、相对湿度、水汽压)会影响该院手足口病入院人数,与入院人数呈正效应的气象区间为:温度为14.3~25.3℃以及<1.2℃,湿度为<59%以及>83%。水汽压为11.4~25.9hPa。结论上海市某手足口病定点医院入院人数报告例数较高,呈上升趋势,6~7月为疾病高发季节,5岁以下儿童高发,托幼机构、学校、家庭为该病发病主要场所;EV-A71、CV-A16、CV-A6为主要病原体;气象因素可影响手足口病的流行特征。 Objective To understand the distribution of patients with hand-foot-mouth disease in Shanghai from 2015 to 2016, the etiological status and the influence of meteorological factors on the number of hand-foot-mouth disease in this hospital. Methods Hand-foot-mouth disease cases of hand-foot-mouth disease hospital in Shanghai were collected from 2015 to 2016 to analyze the distribution of disease. Throat swabs and anal swab specimens were collected and pathogen was collected. The meteorological data of Shanghai area from 2015 to 2016 were collected and analyzed The Influence of Meteorological Factors on the Number of Visiting Patients in a Hand Foot Mouth Disease Hospital. Results A total of 16 447 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported from a hand-foot-mouth disease hospital in Shanghai in 2015-2016, of which more were male patients than female patients, 12 474 under-5 patients, accounting for 75.84% of the total number of patients, Hand, foot and mouth disease occur all year round, peak incidence in June to July, kindergartens, schools, families are the main site of HFMD incidence, and these places prone to hand-foot-mouth disease aggregation event. The pathogens mainly include enterovirus 71 (EVA71), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) and coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6). The meteorological data (temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure) will affect the number of hand-foot-mouth disease hospitalizations and the positive meteorological intervals with the number of hospital admission are: 14.3 ~ 25.3 ℃ and <1.2 ℃, humidity <59% and> 83 %. Vapor pressure of 11.4 ~ 25.9hPa. Conclusion The reported cases of HFMD in Shanghai are relatively high, with a rising trend in June to July. The incidence of the disease is high in children under 5 years of age. The kindergartens, schools and families are the main places for the onset of the disease. EV-A71, CV-A16, CV-A6 as the main pathogens; meteorological factors can affect the prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease.
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