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中外学人对权力有着千差万别的理解,概括起来,权力是指某些人对他人产生预期效果的影响力。权力具有强制性、单向性、相互依赖性、工具性、自我扩张性和侵犯性等基本特征。权力控制的必要性在于权力的自我异化倾向与权力主体的私人属性相结合,导致权力难以控制;权力运作过程中的两重性矛盾,导致权力易于失控;权力失控走向腐败对社会运行产生严重影响。权力本身的有限性、权力行使的相对性、权力运行的可控性使权力控制成为可能。
Chinese and foreign scholars have vastly different understandings of power. To summarize, power refers to the influence that certain people have on others’ desired effects. Power is mandatory, unidirectional, interdependent, instrumental, self-expanding and intrusive. The necessity of power control lies in the combination of the tendency of self-alienation of power and the private property of the power main body, which leads to the difficulty of control of power. The dual contradiction in the operation of power leads to the easy loss of power. The out-of-control of power leads to serious impact on social operation. The limitation of power itself, the relativity of the exercise of power, the controllability of the operation of power make power control possible.