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【目的】探讨表皮生长因子受体（ErbB4）在糖尿病大鼠海马区星形胶质细胞中的表达及意义。【方法】SD 大鼠单次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱发实验性1型糖尿病，检测 ErbB4和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）在海马区星形胶质细胞中的表达；高糖孵育星形胶质细胞，观察 ErbB4在细胞中的变化。【结果】与对照组相比，实验性1型糖尿病大鼠海马区 GFAP 阳性的星形胶质细胞数目明显增加（ P ＜0．05），ErbB4阳性的星形胶质细胞数目明显减少（ P ＜0．05），ErbB4／GFAP 双标阳性细胞明显低于对照组（ P ＜0．05）。在培养的原代星形胶质细胞，高糖增加细胞活性（P ＜0．05），且明显地降低 ErbB4蛋白表达（ P ＜0．05），但不改变其分布。【结论】糖尿病海马区星形胶质细胞 ErbB4蛋白的表达明显降低，高糖可能是诱导糖尿病海马区星形胶质细胞 ErbB4蛋白表达减少的原因。“,”Objective] To determine the expression and significance of ErbB4 in hippocampal astrocytes in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats .[Methods] Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injec‐tion of streptozotocin in Sprague Dawley rats .Serum concentrations of glucose were measured and ErbB 4 im‐munoreactivity was detected in hippocampal astrocytes .In cultured cortical astrocytes ,immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the morphological alteration under a stimulation of high glucose (HG) and monitor the changes in ErbB4 expression .[Results] ErbB4 expression was reduced in hippocampal astrocytes of dia‐betic brains .And HG treatment induced morphological changes of cultured astrocytes and caused a down‐regu‐lation of ErbB4 .[Conclusion] ErbB4 immunoreactivity significantly decreases in hippocampal astrocytes of dia‐betic rats .In cultured astrocytes ,HG may down‐regulate the expression of ErbB4 .