北宋由于印刷术的完善与普及,加之科举考试日渐规范,读书人数目激增,使得许多平民也加入读书人的队伍,并向往通过读书做官改换门庭、进入统治阶级。然而官员位置有限,粥少僧多,许多人不能依靠做官出仕维持生活,便只能靠自己的文化知识谋 Due to the improvement and popularization of printing in the Northern Song Dynasty and the gradual standardization of examinations and examination, the number of scholar increased sharply, many civilians also joined the ranks of scholar and tried their best to change the court to enter the ruling class by studying. However, due to the limited location of officials and the small number of monks and daughters, many people can not rely on government officials to maintain their livelihood and can only rely on their own cultural knowledge