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目的：探讨视黄醇类化合物促胸腺细胞分化的分子机制。方法：选择幼年小鼠胸腺细胞为研究对象，采用免疫组化染色、Westernblot、流式细胞分析等实验方法，观察全反式视黄酸（ATRA）或视黄醇（Retinol）灌胃给药后对胸腺细胞分化成熟的影响，同时检测周期调控蛋白cyclinD1及相应基因表达变化情况。结果：ATRA和Retinol均可抑制胸腺细胞增殖活性，使胸腺组织中成熟功能T细胞比例增大；胸腺细胞cyclinD1、CDK4和RB基因表达呈时间剂量依赖性下调，而P16、P21蛋白表达上调，且ATRA作用优于Retinol。结论：RA可能经PRb、P16等多因素反馈调节cyclinD1和CDK4表达，抑或直接同其发生作用，进而影响胸腺细胞增殖分化的变化。
Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of retinol-induced thymocyte differentiation. Methods: The thymocytes of juvenile mice were selected as the research objects. The expression of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or retinol (Retinol) was observed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and flow cytometry On the thymocyte differentiation and maturation, at the same time detection of cyclinD1 and the corresponding gene expression changes. RESULTS: Both ATRA and Retinol inhibited the proliferation of thymocytes and increased the percentage of mature T cells in thymocytes. The expressions of cyclinD1, CDK4 and RB genes in thymocytes were down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner, while the expressions of P16 and P21 were up-regulated ATRA is better than Retinol. Conclusion: RA may regulate the expression of cyclinD1 and CDK4 through multiple factors such as PRb and P16, or may directly affect the proliferation and differentiation of thymocytes.