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永冻区、山地、沼泽、海洋等环境气候、施工条件恶劣地带油田的开发,促进了整体组装施工技术的发展。国外在油气田建设、管道施工中几乎均采用预制组装武的装置和设施,而且正向大重量、大尺寸、超大型化、整体预制化、高度自动化、露天化、工艺组件微型化和易运化方向发展;与其相应,吊装运输技术和设备获得了迅速发展,可将单重数百吨甚至上千吨的预制装置安全运抵施工现场。我国自七十年代末才积极着手组装技术的研究应用,在大庆、胜利、辽河等油田已取得了明显效果,但同国外相比,在模块大小、重量等级、预制深度及功能等方面还存在着较大差距,组合单元重量尚在60t 级以内,吊装运输设备承载量一般为60～80、最大者120t。为了迅速提高我国整体组装施工技术水平,笔者提出结合国情借鉴国外实践经验的几点建议。
The development of oilfields such as permafrost, mountains, swamps, oceans and other environmental climates and harsh construction conditions has promoted the development of the overall assembly and construction technology. Almost all overseas installations and facilities are prefabricated in the field of oil and gas field construction and pipeline construction, and are going forward with large weight, large size, oversized, overall prefabrication, highly automated, open air, miniaturization and easy-to-transport of process components In response, the rapid development of hoisting technology and equipment has enabled the delivery of prefabricated units weighing hundreds of tons or even thousands of tons safely to the construction site. Since the late seventies of last century, the research and application of assembly technology has been actively carried out in our country. Obvious effects have been achieved in such fields as Daqing, Shengli and Liaohe. However, compared with foreign countries, there are still some problems in terms of module size, weight grade, depth and function of prefabrication A large gap, the combined unit weight is still less than 60t, lifting transport equipment carrying capacity is generally 60 to 80, the largest 120t. In order to rapidly improve the overall technical level of assembly and construction in our country, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to draw lessons from foreign practical experience.