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计算工具的发展,从筹算、珠算开始,经过手摇式、机械式、电动式的计算机,发展到今天的电子计算机. 电子计算机从一九四六年试制成功以来,发展非常迅速.大约每五至八年,计算速度提高十倍,可靠性提高十倍,体积缩小十倍,成本降低十倍.计算机的数量按年增长率百分之六十七的速度递增.三十年来,电子计算机经历了四个发展阶段.第一阶段是电子管的电子计算机,它采用电子管开关和电子管触发器,运用穿孔纸带执行操作指令,用电脉冲进行计算.第二阶段是利用晶体管代替电子管,即晶
The development of computational tools has evolved from the planning and abacus to the beginning of computerized computing through hand-cranked, mechanical, and electric computers, which have grown rapidly since the successful trial in 1946. About every five To eight years, computing speed increased tenfold, reliability increased tenfold, volume reduced tenfold, cost reduced tenfold.The number of computers at an annual rate of increase of 67% speed increase.For three decades, the computer experience The first stage is the electronic tube computer, which uses the tube switch and the tube trigger, the use of perforated paper tape to perform operating instructions, the use of electrical pulse calculation.The second phase is the use of transistors instead of tubes, namely the crystal