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目的：探讨大黄素和DM SO 对肺缺血‐再灌注损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法24只SD大鼠随机均分为四组：A、B和C组大鼠在建立缺血‐再灌注损伤模型前2 h分别给予生理盐水5 ml／kg、大黄素溶液5 mg／kg和5％ DMSO 5 ml／kg ，D组仅在术前2 h给予生理盐水作为假手术组，开胸，心脏取血。采用HE染色观察肺组织病理学变化，计算肺组织的湿／干重比（W／DR），RT‐PCR法检测线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的表达，ELISA法检测血清IL‐6、IL‐8和TNF‐α的含量。结果与D组相比，A组肺泡中大量炎症物质渗出，肺间质水肿，肺组织W／DR增大，mtDNA表达以及IL‐6、TNF‐α、IL‐8含量增加（P＜0．05）；而B组和C组分别给予大黄素和DMSO后，能有效改善上述各指标的变化过程（P＜0．05）。结论大黄素和DMSO通过抑制mtDNA的释放，降低炎症因子及趋化因子的表达，减轻机体的炎症反应，从而对肺缺血‐再灌注损伤起保护作用。“,”Objective To investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of emodin and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) on lung ischemia‐reperfusion(I‐R) injury .Methods Twenty‐four SD rats were equally randomized into four groups .At 2 hours before establishing the models with lung I‐R injury ,the rats in groups of A ,B and C were treated with normal saline ,emodin 5 mg/kg and 5%DMSO 5 ml/kg ,respectively .Group D was given normal saline only as sham operated .The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by HE staining ,and the ratio of wet to dry weight (W/DR) was calculated .The expression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was detected by RT‐PCR . The contents of IL‐6 ,IL‐8 and TNF‐α were determined by ELISA method .Results Compared with group D ,a large number of inflammatory substances in the alveolus was exuded ,lung interstitial edema appeared ,W/DR ratio of lung tissues was enlarged ,mtDNA expression and contents of IL‐6 ,IL‐8 and TNF‐αwere increased in group A(P<0 .05) ,which were all significantly improved after treated with emodin and DMSO in groups of B and C ,respectively(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Emodin and DMSO can protect the lungs from I‐R injury probably via inhibiting the release of mtDNA ,decreasing the expressions of inflammatory factors and chemokines and alleviating the inflammatory response of body .