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目的探讨早产儿早期蛋白质/能量比与出生后1周体重增长的关系。方法对2013年5月-2014年9月入住该院新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)的早产儿的能量和蛋白质摄入、蛋白质/能量比与体重增长情况进行评估。按照第7天蛋白质/能量比的不同将符合条件的40例早产儿分为较高组和较低组,每组20例。比较两组早产儿生后1周内体重下降幅度和恢复至出生体重日龄情况,并分析两组早产儿的蛋白质和能量摄入及蛋白质/能量比与体重增长的关系。结果第7天较高组体重下降幅度小于较低组(P<0.05),较高组恢复至出生体重日龄短于较低组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析显示,早产儿第3天蛋白质、总能量和蛋白质/能量比与恢复至出生体重后平均每天体重增长速率呈正相关(r分别为0.589、0.566和0.612),P<0.05;第7天蛋白质、总能量和蛋白质/能量比与平均体重增长速率呈正相关(r分别为0.605、0.558和0.505),P<0.05。结论早产儿早期静脉营养观念日趋成熟,大家在关注蛋白质和能量摄入的情况下,也要重视适宜高效的蛋白质/能量比,从而使早产儿生长速率理想并保证正常的体质成分。
Objective To investigate the relationship between early protein / energy ratio and weight gain in one week after birth in preterm infants. Methods The energy and protein intake, protein / energy ratio and weight gain of preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May 2013 to September 2014 were evaluated. According to the difference of protein / energy ratio on the 7th day, 40 eligible preterm infants were divided into higher group and lower group, 20 cases in each group. The rate of weight loss and the body weight recovery to 1 day after birth in preterm infants were compared between the two groups. The relationship between protein and energy intake and protein / energy ratio and body weight gain were analyzed. Results The body weight loss of the higher group on the 7th day was lower than that of the lower group (P <0.05), and the body weight of the higher group was shorter than the lower group (P <0.05), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) . Correlation analysis showed that the protein, total energy and protein / energy ratio were positively correlated with the average rate of daily body weight gain after birth to birth weight (r = 0.589, 0.566 and 0.612 respectively) on the third day of premature infants (P <0.05) (R = 0.605, 0.558 and 0.505, respectively), P <0.05. The total energy and protein / energy ratio were positively correlated with the average body weight growth rate. Conclusions The concept of early intravenous nutrition in premature infants has matured. When we focus on protein and energy intake, we should also pay attention to the appropriate protein / energy ratio, so that the growth rate of premature infants is ideal and the normal constitutional components are guaranteed.