系统分析了河南省黄河故道地区砂土、淤土、两合土苹果园土壤和叶片营养状况。结果表明：①故道地区苹果丰产园土壤有机质含量为1．01％；一般园只有0．5％～0．7％，其中砂土园最低，淤土园居中，两合土园稍高。②土壤矿质营养是富钾缺磷，全氮低，速效氮高，微量元素有效性差。一般果园速效P、有效Fe、有效Zn和有效B含量显著低于丰产园，分别为丰产园的69．9％、50．5％、87．0％和55．2％，是该类果园提高产量和品质的限制因素。③丰产园叶片主要矿质养分含量N2．2150％、P0．1968％、K1．3190％、Fe198．1mg·1-1、Zn21．5mg·1-1、B45．1mg·1－1；N∶P∶K=11．2∶1∶6．6。一般果园突出问题是：叶片P、Fe、Zn、B含量均不足丰产园的70％；N∶P∶K=15．9∶1∶8．6，N／P比和K／P比偏高。④故道地区苹果园土壤管理制度应改清耕休闲制为生草、覆草制，大量供应有机肥，改善土壤理化性质；施肥应控氮增磷适量供钾，有针对性的供微量元素。 The nutrient status of soil and leaves of apple orchards in sandy, silt and loamy soil in the old course of the Yellow River in Henan Province was systematically analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The content of organic matter in the apple production garden was 1.01% in the Old Course and 0.5% ~ 0.7% in the general garden, of which the lowest was in the sand garden, the middle was in the silt garden, and the latter was slightly higher. ② Soil mineral nutrition is potassium-rich and phosphorus-deficient, low in total nitrogen, high in available nitrogen, and poor in trace element effectiveness. The average available P, available Fe, available Zn and available B in general orchard were significantly lower than those in high yield garden, which were 69.9%, 50.5%, 87.0% and 55.2% of those in high yield orchard, respectively Yield and quality constraints. ③ The main mineral nutrient content of leaves in high yield garden was N2.2150%, P0.1968%, K1.3190%, Fe198.1mg · 1-1, Zn21.5mg · 1-1, B45.1mg · 1-1; N: P : K = 11.2: 1: 6.6. The prominent problems of general orchards are as follows: the contents of P, Fe, Zn and B in leaves are less than 70% of the high yielding garden; N: P: K = 15.9:1:8.6, N / P ratio and K / P ratio are high . The old apple orchard soil management system in the old course should be changed to clear farming and leisure system for raw grass, grass mulching, large supply of organic fertilizer to improve soil physical and chemical properties; fertilization should be appropriate nitrogen and phosphorus for potassium, targeted for trace elements.