一、引言在过去的四分之一世纪中,中国的对外贸易取得了前所未有的成就。进出口额从1978年的200亿美元增长至2004年的10000亿美元以上。制成品在总出口中所占比重从早期的不到一半上升到2004年的90%以上。制成品出口内部结构也发生了深刻的变化。除传统的纺织品、轻工业品外,机 I. Introduction In the past quarter century, China’s foreign trade has made unprecedented achievements. Import and export volume increased from 20 billion U.S. dollars in 1978 to over 1,000 billion U.S. dollars in 2004. The share of manufactured goods in total exports rose from less than half of earlier exports to over 90% in 2004. The internal structure of manufactured exports has also undergone profound changes. In addition to the traditional textiles, light industrial products, machine