论文部分内容阅读
明至清中期以马尼拉为转运中心的中国与西属美洲的丝银贸易经历了兴盛、危机、复兴与衰败几个时期。西班牙占领马尼拉后,以中国生丝和丝织品为代表的商品物美价廉,迅速占领了美洲市场,中国与西属美洲的贸易进入兴盛期。明末清初的动荡造成了中国生丝生产的下降,贸易停滞,也使中国与西属美洲的贸易陷入危机。清朝开海以后,与西属美洲的贸易重新恢复,但此时也遇到了来自其他国家的竞争。随着英国工业革命大幅度提高了劳动生产率,以及大量美洲白银流入中国,中国商品的价格优势不复存在,中国与西属美洲贸易也因此彻底衰落。
The silk-silver trade between China and West America in Manchuria in the mid-Ming and Qing dynasties experienced several stages of prosperity, crisis, revival and decline. After the Spanish occupation of Manila, the commodities represented by China’s raw silk and silk fabrics were inexpensive and quickly occupied the American market. The trade between China and the West American Americas entered a prosperous period. Turmoil in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties caused a drop in raw silk production in China, a stagnant trade and a crisis in trade between China and the West African Americas. After the Qing dynasty opened its sea, the trade with West America was resumed, but competition from other countries was also encountered at this time. As the British Industrial Revolution markedly increased labor productivity and the large influx of American Silver into China, the price advantage of Chinese commodities ceased to exist and the trade between China and the West American countries was completely eroded.