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赖声川说,真正有文艺气息的城市,每天都能有戏剧。7年前,他走进杭州新华电影院,并产生了改造这家剧院的美好念头。这里一楼的实验小剧场,曾是很多文艺青年聚集的地方。
没想到,还是让孟京辉抢先了一步。杭州蜂巢剧场在今年11月正式开幕了。这是他酝酿了多年的一个戏梦,继北京、上海之后开辟的第三个“戏剧阵地”。
灯光在聚拢,观念在更新,民营剧场也在不断地革自己的命。杭州的戏剧演出量,开始慢慢接近这个城市的文化承载量。
戏剧能帮一座城市修正亚健康状态
“戏剧节的生态,比民营剧场更早活跃于这个城市。杭州要感谢孟京辉,这些年在他的推力下,这座温婉的城市有了更多犀利的艺术切片,让杭州人对戏剧现场越来越熟悉。”
戏剧制作人李怀珠说的,是孟京辉发起并担任艺术总监的杭州国际戏剧节,至今已是第五个年头了。从第一届的“美丽的戏剧,美丽的城市”,到去年的“遇见戏剧,遇见不一样的你”,再到今年的“杭州当代戏剧节”,戏剧用它独特的魅力感染了这座城市,并一点点融入杭州人的生活。
戏剧制作人袁鸿曾经也是其中的参与者,他发起的爱丁堡前沿剧展作为杭州国际戏剧节的组成单元,年年都登台亮相。2012年,第一届爱丁堡前沿剧展最初选择了三个城市:北京、上海和杭州。袁鸿的理由是,杭州和北京的文化背景不一样,而比起上海,又更有让戏剧发酵、生长的可能性。“不过,在西溪天堂艺术中心诞生之前,我们一直在打游击,哪个剧场有空档期,我们就见缝插针。现在,终于安家落户了,在杭州变成了西溪国际艺术节。”
一年之中,有几个艺术节袁鸿是必去的,他比谁都明白,一个戏剧节的能量是巨大的。“英国的爱丁堡、法国的阿维尼翁、澳大利亚的阿德莱德,现在还有中国的乌镇,这些地方都因为戏剧而焕发新生。甚至可以说,戏剧节能帮助一座城市来修正眼下超负荷的亚健康状态。”
现在袁鸿选戏的标准是,首先要剔除掉剧场条件不允许、成本无法承受的,剩下的还要考虑中国人的文化背景和审美取向,然后在舞台形式上做到超前、艺术探索上力道深厚的。
“这几年,杭州国际戏剧节的上座率都能保持在七成左右,我们西溪国际艺术节的上座率也基本相当,去年的经典默剧《安德鲁与多莉尼》,最火的一场达到了九成。为了让杭州人慢慢把看戏变成一种生活常态,我们目前在非周末也会安排适量的演出。”
袁鸿还发现,杭州人的戏剧审美水平在提高。“今年的西溪国际艺术节,我们引进了16个斩获国际大奖的顶级剧目,其中有不少更具观赏价值的高级别作品,比如英国AD无限剧团的《光》,英国先锋戏剧大师蒂姆·克劳奇的《我,马瓦里奥》,还有巴西阿默克剧团的《萨琳娜·最后的脊梁》。”
小剧场要在杭州爆发出一股颠覆性力量
李怀珠说:“在木马剧场出现之前,杭州一直没有严格意义上的民营剧场。国营大剧场有一种曲高和寡的姿态,如果是小剧场演出,都在当时武林女装街上的省群艺馆。”
2013年10月26日,发端于北京的木马剧场在西湖文化广场开幕,宣告正式落户杭州。100平方米的360度无障碍舞台,258个观众座椅,是一个典型的黑匣子形式小剧场。虽然木马在运营之初不被业内看好,但没想到,它的首场话剧演出《北京的腔调》非常火爆,两轮4场卖出了将近1000张门票。半个月后演出《非常悬疑》,三场全部爆满。
“以剧场为据点,音乐、戏剧、表演秀、工作坊等一切艺术都可能在这里对接、聚散。”木马主理人方依兰介绍,“现在,我们已经有1500多位会员,几乎每种类型都已经累积了一定的观众群体。湖南的没想好戏剧工坊和中央人民广播电台主播杨晨,现在每年都会来木马演出。甚至,我们还尝试过让一个戏连续演出两个月,同样反响热烈。”
2015年,西溪天堂艺术中心的出现烧起了杭州非国营剧场的第二把火。“准确来说,我们是企业自主运营的小剧场,需要自负盈亏。”董怡林是西溪天堂艺术中心的运营负责人,她从没想过有一天自己能运营一个剧场。“当心底一个从未消失的念想被再次撩拨,谁都愿意赴汤蹈火。我一直认为,舞台具有狂热的破坏性去解构和改变一座城市。”
从10月到年底,短短三个月董怡林就带着团队交出了一张让人意外的成绩单。包含西溪国际艺术节在内,西溪天堂艺术中心总共举办了近30场活动。仅艺术节期间,就有6000多名观众购票进场观看演出,票房累计近100万元。加上其他免费户外演出和其他互动活动,直接参与艺术节活动的观众近2万人次,影响人群约20万。
“独立选戏的策展模式,是我们的核心竞争力,一定会小心地维护下去。”今年西溪天堂艺术中心的火更旺了,超过100场的演出正席卷而来。眼下,董怡林把这个剧场的经营范围定位为现场表演艺术,涵盖舞蹈、音乐、戏剧、民谣,要打造成一个多媒体艺术空间,所以,甚至连平行影像周、绿城新帅上任发布会、自媒体食话的线下分享会,都被她搬到了西溪天堂艺术中心的舞台上。
在平庸的生活里,人们仰望戏剧。但是,一群人,一座城,与一个剧场的相逢,是可遇不可求的。如今有了木马、西溪、蜂巢,以及越来越多的入局者,在北京、上海已经被谈论了不止十年的民营小剧场文化,真的就要在杭州爆发出一股颠覆性力量。
请别把戏剧变成一门赚钱的生意
翻开北京民营剧场的生存简史,会发现这些理想主义者们一脚踩在云端,一脚却深陷泥潭。而在现实中,杭州民营剧场经营者也不例外。
最近,董怡林有一个压在心头的苦恼。“不少观众反应,今年西溪天堂艺术中心的演出门票价格上涨了不少,并且提出了质疑。”
董怡林不否认,调价是事实,一场西溪国际艺术节演出的票价调整到了180元至480元,最高档880元是提供给年卡会员的。“但是观众的立场往往是,好戏看在眼里,认为剧场就应该是一个论艺不谈商的地方。”而残酷的现状是,木马剧场和西溪天堂艺术中心所依托的地产不是国有资产,理想的背后需要真金白银的支撑。 “在民营剧场的生存困局中,我最有发言权。”袁鸿是国内民间剧场经营第一人。当年,他在北京为了北兵马司剧场差点搭进半条命。“到了2003年最艰难的一年。根本没有逢年过节的概念,经常只有我一个人守着小剧场。那年冬天,我请赞助商吃饭,结完账,身上只剩8块钱,打面的的钱都不够。走回北剧场,我的鞋底都脱落了。其实,在北剧场结束之后,我甚至有一种轻松的感觉,就像牛虻给琼玛写的告别信,说他要上刑场了,很像一个小学生背着书包要放学了的心理。”
“开辟一个剧场并不难,但想要守住它很辛苦。”民间力量经营剧场似乎很难避免悲情。2014年初,沉重的资金压力压倒了一匹桀骜的木马,黯然告别北京市场,而如今转战杭州的木马剧场坚守也同样不易。“现在木马的演出……做到如此平价,就是为了让更多的人能慢慢培养起付费看戏的习惯。”
西溪天堂艺术中心一直以来都把握一个原则——坚持卖票不赠票,熟人和媒体概不例外。关于这一点,业内也是议论纷纷。董怡林认为,卖票是对艺术家的基本尊重,看戏本来就是认可艺术价值而产生付费的行为,没有免费的道理。
如今在北京,不少民营剧场在夹缝之中找到了一些生存的“锦囊妙计”。繁星戏剧村每年70%的演出都是自制剧,成本可控,利润全收,现在70%的剧目还都有品牌植入。蓬蒿剧场白天没有演出,东城区文委就将这里作为社区居民文化活动室,为周围社区居民提供服务,每年支付蓬蒿剧场租金41.5万元,很大程度上缓解了蓬蒿的房租压力。
“但是,过分强化市场引导,会失去戏剧艺术精神。”这是董怡林一再强调的观点,“戏剧可以是一个不错的产业,但请别把它变成一门赚钱的生意。”
“剧场和咖啡馆、博物馆一样,已经成为一个新的精神社交空间。我相信,灯光在头顶,路在远方。”董怡林希望看到的是大家对剧场的激情和幻想,能为杭州戏剧撑起一个丰满的穹顶。而一切更新鲜、更好玩的艺术形式,在我们的身边都将变得触手可及。
(本文照片由作者提供)
Stan Lai, a theater director from Taiwan, holds that a city of culture makes theatergoers happy by staging plays every day. Seven years ago he visited Xinhua Movie Theater in Hangzhou and found himself liking the experimental theater on the ground floor. The theater used to attract the young drama enthusiasts a lot. He toyed with the idea about remodeling the venue and set up a theater for various drama events. However, he wasn’t fast enough. Meng Jinhui, a pioneering theater director, set up Beehive Theater in Hangzhou in November 2016. This is the third theater he has set up in the country. The first and the second are in Beijing and Shanghai respectively.
The theater Meng set up in Hangzhou is part of the city’s emerging private theater sector. In the past five years, Hangzhou has hosted an annual international theater festival. Meng Jinghui initiated the festival and has acted as its art director. The festival has spawned private theaters across the city and nowadays there are other theater events in Hangzhou.
In Shanghai and Beijing, small theaters have been going on for the last ten years or so. In Hangzhou, it is a brand new phenomenon. Theater performances now flourish across the city.
The first success in the city’s private theater sector was made by Trojan Horse Theater at the West Lake Culture Square in downtown in 2013. It is a typical black box theater with a 100-m2 space in the center as the stage and audience members sit around the floor that serves as the stage. Many industrial insiders were suspicious about the future of the 258-seat theater. The misgivings were soon gone. , the first play ever staged there, sold nearly 1,000 tickets for four performances. , the second play in a month, was a blockbuster. At present Trojan Horse Theater has more than 1,500 locals as members of a theatergoer club and different genres attract different theatergoers. The theater has run a show for two consecutive months and it was a success. The second success is West Streams Paradise Art Center. A private business, the center opened to business in 2015. It hosted Edinburg Frontier Drama Exhibition for the first time which came to the city in 2012. Back then, the exhibition did not have a good place to stage all the shows. Making a show schedule and finding all the venues was a big challenge for organizers. Now the center is home to the exhibition.
Last year, the Paradise Art Center staged nearly 30 events and attracted 6,000 paying theatergoers. The box-office reached nearly 1 million and nearly 200,000 were involved in the events held there. As of the last year, the exhibition will be regularly held at the art center as part of West Stream International Art Festival which was started in 2015. The festival this year will be more flourishing as over 100 performances are set to be staged.
The private theater sector in Hangzhou has a long way to go. First of all, there are difficulties to conquer for survival. Yuan Hong who started Trojan Horse Theater in Hangzhou knows what he has experienced. His theater project operated for a while in Beijing and then the theater crashed. He was no longer able to afford the expenses. So he closed the shop in Beijing and moved to Hangzhou. It was him who brought Edinburg Frontier Drama Exhibition to Hangzhou. Some theater directors agree that one way to survive is never give away tickets. They insist that all theatergoers must buy tickets. This is the very big battle the private theater sector fights and wants to win.
In Beijing, some private theaters survive by producing plays themselves. That way, they can bring costs down and expenses are controllable. And they can sell space for commercials. One private theater in Beijing rents the space out to the local community for daily activities of local residents. The theater gets paid for the daily uses of the space and the payment eases its financial burden.
没想到,还是让孟京辉抢先了一步。杭州蜂巢剧场在今年11月正式开幕了。这是他酝酿了多年的一个戏梦,继北京、上海之后开辟的第三个“戏剧阵地”。
灯光在聚拢,观念在更新,民营剧场也在不断地革自己的命。杭州的戏剧演出量,开始慢慢接近这个城市的文化承载量。
戏剧能帮一座城市修正亚健康状态
“戏剧节的生态,比民营剧场更早活跃于这个城市。杭州要感谢孟京辉,这些年在他的推力下,这座温婉的城市有了更多犀利的艺术切片,让杭州人对戏剧现场越来越熟悉。”
戏剧制作人李怀珠说的,是孟京辉发起并担任艺术总监的杭州国际戏剧节,至今已是第五个年头了。从第一届的“美丽的戏剧,美丽的城市”,到去年的“遇见戏剧,遇见不一样的你”,再到今年的“杭州当代戏剧节”,戏剧用它独特的魅力感染了这座城市,并一点点融入杭州人的生活。
戏剧制作人袁鸿曾经也是其中的参与者,他发起的爱丁堡前沿剧展作为杭州国际戏剧节的组成单元,年年都登台亮相。2012年,第一届爱丁堡前沿剧展最初选择了三个城市:北京、上海和杭州。袁鸿的理由是,杭州和北京的文化背景不一样,而比起上海,又更有让戏剧发酵、生长的可能性。“不过,在西溪天堂艺术中心诞生之前,我们一直在打游击,哪个剧场有空档期,我们就见缝插针。现在,终于安家落户了,在杭州变成了西溪国际艺术节。”
一年之中,有几个艺术节袁鸿是必去的,他比谁都明白,一个戏剧节的能量是巨大的。“英国的爱丁堡、法国的阿维尼翁、澳大利亚的阿德莱德,现在还有中国的乌镇,这些地方都因为戏剧而焕发新生。甚至可以说,戏剧节能帮助一座城市来修正眼下超负荷的亚健康状态。”
现在袁鸿选戏的标准是,首先要剔除掉剧场条件不允许、成本无法承受的,剩下的还要考虑中国人的文化背景和审美取向,然后在舞台形式上做到超前、艺术探索上力道深厚的。
“这几年,杭州国际戏剧节的上座率都能保持在七成左右,我们西溪国际艺术节的上座率也基本相当,去年的经典默剧《安德鲁与多莉尼》,最火的一场达到了九成。为了让杭州人慢慢把看戏变成一种生活常态,我们目前在非周末也会安排适量的演出。”
袁鸿还发现,杭州人的戏剧审美水平在提高。“今年的西溪国际艺术节,我们引进了16个斩获国际大奖的顶级剧目,其中有不少更具观赏价值的高级别作品,比如英国AD无限剧团的《光》,英国先锋戏剧大师蒂姆·克劳奇的《我,马瓦里奥》,还有巴西阿默克剧团的《萨琳娜·最后的脊梁》。”
小剧场要在杭州爆发出一股颠覆性力量
李怀珠说:“在木马剧场出现之前,杭州一直没有严格意义上的民营剧场。国营大剧场有一种曲高和寡的姿态,如果是小剧场演出,都在当时武林女装街上的省群艺馆。”
2013年10月26日,发端于北京的木马剧场在西湖文化广场开幕,宣告正式落户杭州。100平方米的360度无障碍舞台,258个观众座椅,是一个典型的黑匣子形式小剧场。虽然木马在运营之初不被业内看好,但没想到,它的首场话剧演出《北京的腔调》非常火爆,两轮4场卖出了将近1000张门票。半个月后演出《非常悬疑》,三场全部爆满。
“以剧场为据点,音乐、戏剧、表演秀、工作坊等一切艺术都可能在这里对接、聚散。”木马主理人方依兰介绍,“现在,我们已经有1500多位会员,几乎每种类型都已经累积了一定的观众群体。湖南的没想好戏剧工坊和中央人民广播电台主播杨晨,现在每年都会来木马演出。甚至,我们还尝试过让一个戏连续演出两个月,同样反响热烈。”
2015年,西溪天堂艺术中心的出现烧起了杭州非国营剧场的第二把火。“准确来说,我们是企业自主运营的小剧场,需要自负盈亏。”董怡林是西溪天堂艺术中心的运营负责人,她从没想过有一天自己能运营一个剧场。“当心底一个从未消失的念想被再次撩拨,谁都愿意赴汤蹈火。我一直认为,舞台具有狂热的破坏性去解构和改变一座城市。”
从10月到年底,短短三个月董怡林就带着团队交出了一张让人意外的成绩单。包含西溪国际艺术节在内,西溪天堂艺术中心总共举办了近30场活动。仅艺术节期间,就有6000多名观众购票进场观看演出,票房累计近100万元。加上其他免费户外演出和其他互动活动,直接参与艺术节活动的观众近2万人次,影响人群约20万。
“独立选戏的策展模式,是我们的核心竞争力,一定会小心地维护下去。”今年西溪天堂艺术中心的火更旺了,超过100场的演出正席卷而来。眼下,董怡林把这个剧场的经营范围定位为现场表演艺术,涵盖舞蹈、音乐、戏剧、民谣,要打造成一个多媒体艺术空间,所以,甚至连平行影像周、绿城新帅上任发布会、自媒体食话的线下分享会,都被她搬到了西溪天堂艺术中心的舞台上。
在平庸的生活里,人们仰望戏剧。但是,一群人,一座城,与一个剧场的相逢,是可遇不可求的。如今有了木马、西溪、蜂巢,以及越来越多的入局者,在北京、上海已经被谈论了不止十年的民营小剧场文化,真的就要在杭州爆发出一股颠覆性力量。
请别把戏剧变成一门赚钱的生意
翻开北京民营剧场的生存简史,会发现这些理想主义者们一脚踩在云端,一脚却深陷泥潭。而在现实中,杭州民营剧场经营者也不例外。
最近,董怡林有一个压在心头的苦恼。“不少观众反应,今年西溪天堂艺术中心的演出门票价格上涨了不少,并且提出了质疑。”
董怡林不否认,调价是事实,一场西溪国际艺术节演出的票价调整到了180元至480元,最高档880元是提供给年卡会员的。“但是观众的立场往往是,好戏看在眼里,认为剧场就应该是一个论艺不谈商的地方。”而残酷的现状是,木马剧场和西溪天堂艺术中心所依托的地产不是国有资产,理想的背后需要真金白银的支撑。 “在民营剧场的生存困局中,我最有发言权。”袁鸿是国内民间剧场经营第一人。当年,他在北京为了北兵马司剧场差点搭进半条命。“到了2003年最艰难的一年。根本没有逢年过节的概念,经常只有我一个人守着小剧场。那年冬天,我请赞助商吃饭,结完账,身上只剩8块钱,打面的的钱都不够。走回北剧场,我的鞋底都脱落了。其实,在北剧场结束之后,我甚至有一种轻松的感觉,就像牛虻给琼玛写的告别信,说他要上刑场了,很像一个小学生背着书包要放学了的心理。”
“开辟一个剧场并不难,但想要守住它很辛苦。”民间力量经营剧场似乎很难避免悲情。2014年初,沉重的资金压力压倒了一匹桀骜的木马,黯然告别北京市场,而如今转战杭州的木马剧场坚守也同样不易。“现在木马的演出……做到如此平价,就是为了让更多的人能慢慢培养起付费看戏的习惯。”
西溪天堂艺术中心一直以来都把握一个原则——坚持卖票不赠票,熟人和媒体概不例外。关于这一点,业内也是议论纷纷。董怡林认为,卖票是对艺术家的基本尊重,看戏本来就是认可艺术价值而产生付费的行为,没有免费的道理。
如今在北京,不少民营剧场在夹缝之中找到了一些生存的“锦囊妙计”。繁星戏剧村每年70%的演出都是自制剧,成本可控,利润全收,现在70%的剧目还都有品牌植入。蓬蒿剧场白天没有演出,东城区文委就将这里作为社区居民文化活动室,为周围社区居民提供服务,每年支付蓬蒿剧场租金41.5万元,很大程度上缓解了蓬蒿的房租压力。
“但是,过分强化市场引导,会失去戏剧艺术精神。”这是董怡林一再强调的观点,“戏剧可以是一个不错的产业,但请别把它变成一门赚钱的生意。”
“剧场和咖啡馆、博物馆一样,已经成为一个新的精神社交空间。我相信,灯光在头顶,路在远方。”董怡林希望看到的是大家对剧场的激情和幻想,能为杭州戏剧撑起一个丰满的穹顶。而一切更新鲜、更好玩的艺术形式,在我们的身边都将变得触手可及。
(本文照片由作者提供)
Stan Lai, a theater director from Taiwan, holds that a city of culture makes theatergoers happy by staging plays every day. Seven years ago he visited Xinhua Movie Theater in Hangzhou and found himself liking the experimental theater on the ground floor. The theater used to attract the young drama enthusiasts a lot. He toyed with the idea about remodeling the venue and set up a theater for various drama events. However, he wasn’t fast enough. Meng Jinhui, a pioneering theater director, set up Beehive Theater in Hangzhou in November 2016. This is the third theater he has set up in the country. The first and the second are in Beijing and Shanghai respectively.
The theater Meng set up in Hangzhou is part of the city’s emerging private theater sector. In the past five years, Hangzhou has hosted an annual international theater festival. Meng Jinghui initiated the festival and has acted as its art director. The festival has spawned private theaters across the city and nowadays there are other theater events in Hangzhou.
In Shanghai and Beijing, small theaters have been going on for the last ten years or so. In Hangzhou, it is a brand new phenomenon. Theater performances now flourish across the city.
The first success in the city’s private theater sector was made by Trojan Horse Theater at the West Lake Culture Square in downtown in 2013. It is a typical black box theater with a 100-m2 space in the center as the stage and audience members sit around the floor that serves as the stage. Many industrial insiders were suspicious about the future of the 258-seat theater. The misgivings were soon gone. , the first play ever staged there, sold nearly 1,000 tickets for four performances. , the second play in a month, was a blockbuster. At present Trojan Horse Theater has more than 1,500 locals as members of a theatergoer club and different genres attract different theatergoers. The theater has run a show for two consecutive months and it was a success. The second success is West Streams Paradise Art Center. A private business, the center opened to business in 2015. It hosted Edinburg Frontier Drama Exhibition for the first time which came to the city in 2012. Back then, the exhibition did not have a good place to stage all the shows. Making a show schedule and finding all the venues was a big challenge for organizers. Now the center is home to the exhibition.
Last year, the Paradise Art Center staged nearly 30 events and attracted 6,000 paying theatergoers. The box-office reached nearly 1 million and nearly 200,000 were involved in the events held there. As of the last year, the exhibition will be regularly held at the art center as part of West Stream International Art Festival which was started in 2015. The festival this year will be more flourishing as over 100 performances are set to be staged.
The private theater sector in Hangzhou has a long way to go. First of all, there are difficulties to conquer for survival. Yuan Hong who started Trojan Horse Theater in Hangzhou knows what he has experienced. His theater project operated for a while in Beijing and then the theater crashed. He was no longer able to afford the expenses. So he closed the shop in Beijing and moved to Hangzhou. It was him who brought Edinburg Frontier Drama Exhibition to Hangzhou. Some theater directors agree that one way to survive is never give away tickets. They insist that all theatergoers must buy tickets. This is the very big battle the private theater sector fights and wants to win.
In Beijing, some private theaters survive by producing plays themselves. That way, they can bring costs down and expenses are controllable. And they can sell space for commercials. One private theater in Beijing rents the space out to the local community for daily activities of local residents. The theater gets paid for the daily uses of the space and the payment eases its financial burden.