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为扩展4轴机床的加工能力,使4轴机床具有使用鼓形刀具加工叶轮类零件的能力,将4轴机床扩展至4+2轴机床。从机构学角度对4+2轴机床进行运动学分析,证明了4+2轴加工方法的刀具姿态具有一个可优化的角度。根据机床运动链模型,推导了机床半联动轴参数与刀具姿态角度、联动轴运动参数之间的运动变换关系,得到了求解切触点处刀位信息的方法。根据对复杂曲面的几何分析、刀具干涉和机床运动范围,给出了一种4+2轴加工叶片的2个半联动轴参数选择方法。推导了4+2轴加工方法的刀轨生成算法。通过4+2轴叶轮加工实验,验证了4+2轴加工方法的可行性。实验结果表明,4+2轴加工方法生成的刀轨可用,使用4+2轴加工方法加工叶轮叶片的方案是可行的,具有生产应用价值。
In order to extend the machining capacity of 4-axis machine tools, the 4-axis machine tools have the ability to process impeller-like parts using drum tools, extending 4-axis machines to 4 + 2-axis machines. Kinematics analysis of 4 + 2-axis machine tools from the perspective of mechanics proves that the tool poses of the 4 + 2-axis machining method have an optimal angle. According to the kinematic chain model of the machine tool, the relationship between the parameters of semi-linkage of the machine tool and the attitude of the cutter and the motion transformation of the linkage axis is deduced. The method of finding the position of the cutter at the contact point is obtained. According to the geometric analysis of complex surfaces, the tool interference and the machine tool motion range, a method of selecting two semi-linkage axes of 4 + 2-axis machining blades is given. The tool path generation algorithm for 4 + 2 axis machining is derived. Through the 4 + 2-axis impeller machining experiment, the feasibility of 4 + 2-axis machining method was verified. The experimental results show that the tool path generated by the 4 + 2-axis machining method is available. It is feasible to process the impeller blades by the 4 + 2-axis machining method, which has the value of production and application.