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在春砂仁的盛花期和幼果期使用5ppm或10ppm的2,4—D喷施花朵和幼果都有不同程度的保果作用,其中以喷施5ppm2,4—D的效果比较稳定。喷施5ppm2,4—D+0.5％磷酸二氢钾的混合溶液,其保果率比对照组也有提高。分别用0.5％尿素、3％过磷酸钙溶液和0.5％尿素+3％过磷酸钙混合溶液作为根外追肥喷施花、果或既喷施花、果又喷施叶片,对防止春砂仁的落果都有一定的作用,其中以氮肥喷施花、果、叶和氮磷肥混合喷施花果的效果比较明显。使用0.2％硼砂溶液喷施花、果也有一定的保果作用。在春砂仁花粉母细胞进行减数分裂期间,施入植地1:3或1:5尿水,作为壮花肥,其结果率比对照组提高14—18％。在上述各项措施中以单独使用5ppm2,4—D以及用氮溶液或氮磷混合溶液作为根外追肥的效果比较明显,可提高结果率15～50％左右。几年来的观察表明,在提高栽培管理水平的基础上,开花、结果期间配合应用植物激素、根外追肥、施壮花肥等措施,才能充分发挥植物激素和肥料的保果效应,因此采取综合措施进行保果是春砂仁增产的重要措施。近十多年来,我省广大群众利用广阔的山地和平原果林下,发展春砂仁生产,种植面积不断扩大。但在砂仁幼果发育过程中,普遍出现大量落果现象,一般落果率在30％左右,有些地区高达60％,严重影响春砂仁的产量,因此要提高春砂仁的产量,不仅要继续推广人工授粉和寻找自然授粉的有效途径,还应进一步研究防止落果的有效措施。为此我们在研究开花、落果规律的基础上,于1973——1977年开展了保果试验工作,试图探明植物激素、微量元素、根外追肥和施用壮花肥的保果效应及其适宜浓度和喷施的时期,为减少落果,提高产量提供依据。
The flowers and young fruits with 5ppm or 10ppm of 2,4-D sprayed at the full bloom and young fruit stage of Amomum villosum had different degrees of fruit preservation effect, and the effect of spraying 5ppm 2,4-D was relatively stable. Spraying 5ppm2,4-D + 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed solution, the fruit preservation rate than the control group also increased. Respectively with 0.5% urea, 3% superphosphate solution and 0.5% urea + 3% superphosphate mixed solution as root top dressing spray flowers, fruit or both spray flowers, fruit and spray leaves, to prevent spring Amomum Of the fall fruit has a certain role, of which nitrogen fertilizer spray flowers, fruits, leaves and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer sprayed fruit and vegetable more obvious effect. Use 0.2% borax solution spray flowers, fruits also have some fruit Paul effect. During the meiosis of the pollen mother cells of Amomum villosum, 1: 3 or 1: 5 urine was applied to the plants as the fertilization flower, resulting in a 14-18% increase in the result rate. In the above measures to use 5ppm2,4-D alone and with nitrogen solution or nitrogen and phosphorus mixed solution as the root top dressing effect is more obvious, can improve the outcome rate of about 15 to 50%. The observations made over the past few years indicate that it is necessary to take comprehensive measures to take full advantage of the plant protection effect of plant hormones and fertilizers on the basis of improving cultivation and management levels, flowering, and application of plant hormones, root top dressing, Carrying out fruit preservation is an important measure to increase yield of spring amomum. In the past decade or so, the vast majority of the people in our province have utilized the broad mountain and plain fruit groves to develop the production of spring amomum and the planting area has been constantly expanded. However, during the development of Amomum villosum, a large amount of fruit drop often occurs. Generally, the fruit drop rate is about 30% and in some areas it is 60%, which seriously affects the yield of Amomum villosum. Therefore, to increase the yield of Amomum villosum, not only to continue To promote artificial pollination and find an effective way of natural pollination, but also to further study effective measures to prevent falling. Therefore, on the basis of studying the law of flowering and deciduous fruit, we carried out the fruit-preserving experiment in 1973-1977, trying to find out the fruit-preserving effect of plant hormones, trace elements, And spraying period, in order to reduce the drop fruit, provide the basis for improving the yield.