目的探讨尘肺肺部感染并发呼吸衰竭的诊治及预后。方法收集本院煤工尘肺肺部感染并发呼吸衰竭病例的临床资料,对其诊治及预后进行分析。结果煤工尘肺院内肺部感染并发呼吸衰竭患者共66例,且随尘肺期别增高其患病率增加;45例患者死亡,病死率为68.2%。结论尘肺肺部感染易并发呼吸衰竭,且病情危急、病死率高,防治的要点是:进行健康宣教,加强体育锻炼,改善体质,住院患者病区集中,应避免交叉感染。 Objective To investigate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pneumoconiosis complicated with respiratory failure. Methods The clinical data of pneumoconiosis patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with respiratory failure in our hospital were collected and their diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Results There were 66 patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with respiratory failure in hospital, and their prevalence increased with pneumoconiosis stage; 45 patients died with a mortality rate of 68.2%. Conclusion pneumoconiosis pulmonary infection complicated by respiratory failure, and the critical condition, high mortality, prevention and treatment of the points are: health education, to enhance physical activity, improve physical fitness, ward concentration of hospitalized patients, should avoid cross-infection.