拔河比赛是一种体育运动,也是一种常见的物理现象,但它的原理却并不那么简单,其中许多问题概念性很强,必须注意分析。现就拔河的力学原理讨论于下。一、绳的力学质量为 m 的一根绳,它的两端分别受到沿绳向外的拉力 F_1和 F_2,设 F_1>F_2,则绳上各处的张力如何?为简化问题便于研究起见,可将绳均匀地分成质量相等的 n 段,且质量集中于各段的一点,如图1所示。 Tug of war is a kind of physical exercise and a common physical phenomenon, but its principle is not so simple. Many of the problems are very conceptual and must be analyzed. The mechanics of tug-of-war is discussed below. First, a rope with a mechanical mass of m is subjected to pulling forces F_1 and F_2 outward along the rope, and setting F_1>F_2, then how is the tension on the rope? For ease of study, The rope can be evenly divided into n segments of equal mass, and the mass is concentrated at one point of each segment, as shown in FIG. 1 .