20世纪即将过去,新世纪的晨曦已拂面而来。在历史的交汇处,我们透对世纪之交世界政治和经济喧嚣纷繁的表象,可以清楚地感受到政治多极化和经济全球化趋势给各国发展带来的深刻影响。虽然自90年代以来国际政治波谲云诡,变幻无常,霸权主义和强权政治有所抬头,但多极化趋势仍在向前发展,和平与发展仍是当今世界的两大主题。在和平的环境里加快发展是世界人民的共同愿望。经济全球化在继续扩展,从封闭走向开放、从短缺走向富足的中国经济,正面临着世界范国内经济结构调整、科技进步突飞猛进、跨国公司影响日益增大的压力,同时也面临着前所未有的发展机遇。中华民族通往实现伟大复兴的进程又进入了一个重要的历史关头。如果把中国的发展放在世界格局的大背景上考察,从中国开始由巅峰跌落的15世纪到20世纪中叶的数百年间,世界曾出现过几次大的发展机遇。欧洲文艺复兴冲破了中世纪宗教神学的桎梏,在欧洲引发了一场思想、经济、社会领域的大变革。18世纪后期以蒸汽机的发明和广泛运用为标志的第一次产业革命,使世界从此走上了机器大工业时代,纺织、钢铁、铁路和建筑诸业急速发展。20世纪初到20世纪中叶,相对论、量子论等新科技成果大批出现,推动世界社会生产力取得了前所未有的发展。但是由于种种原因,在这样一些重大的发展机遇面前,中国都失之交臂。错失发展机遇的结果,使中国和世界发达国家的差距越来越远。据测算,直到1820年,中国 The twentieth century is about to end, the dawn of the new century has blown away. At the crossroads of history, we can clearly perceive the profound impact that political multipolarization and economic globalization have on the development of all countries through the appearance of numerous political and economic noises in the world at the turn of the century. Although the wave of international politics has been so stagnant and paradoxical since the 1990s that hegemony and power politics have risen, the multi-polarization trend is still moving forward. Peace and development are still the two major themes in today’s world. It is the common aspiration of the people of the world to speed up development in a peaceful environment. Economic globalization continues to expand. From a closed economy to an open economy, China’s economy, from shortages to affluence, is under pressure to adjust its domestic economic structure, make rapid progress in science and technology, and increasingly influence multinational corporations. At the same time, it is facing an unprecedented development opportunity. The process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered another important historical juncture. If we look at the background of China’s development in the context of the world structure, several major development opportunities have emerged in the world during the centuries from the peak of 15th century to the middle of the 20th century when China began its decline. The European Renaissance broke through the mourning of medieval religious theology and triggered a major revolution in Europe in the areas of ideology, economy and society. The first industrial revolution, marked by the invention and extensive use of steam engines in the late 18th century, brought the world to the era of machine-large industrialization and the rapid development of the textile, steel, railway and construction industries. From the early twentieth century to the middle of the twentieth century, new scientific and technological achievements such as the theory of relativity and quantum theory appeared in large numbers, pushing forward the unprecedented social and social development in the world. However, for various reasons, China has lost its grip on such major development opportunities. The result of missing development opportunities has brought the gap between China and the developed countries in the world further and further. It is estimated that until 1820, China