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对于火灾情况下单洞双层超大断面双层盾构隧道人员疏散问题,在现有的规范中,没有相关条文说明给出明确要求。主要针对火灾情况下某单洞双层盾构隧道人员疏散进行分析,对我国某水下盾构隧道开展了火灾情况下人员疏散的模拟研究。利用Pathfinder模拟疏散软件,通过模拟计算获得该双层盾构隧道发生一起火灾情况下人员逃生所需的时间,验证其疏散通道的疏散能力,以及疏散楼梯尺寸、疏散逃生洞口间距的有效性。在模拟中,将火源设置在隧道的下层,人员从隧道下层往上层疏散。结果表明,基于隧道内疏散楼梯最大的有效宽度,当疏散逃生洞口间距设置为36m时,方可将人员疏散至未失火层隧道的时间控制在6 min以内,从而满足“6 min原则”要求。
For fire evacuation of single-hole double-deck super-large double-deck shield tunnel, in the existing code, there is no relevant provisions to give a clear requirement. This paper mainly analyzes the evacuation of personnel in a single-hole double-deck shield tunnel under fire conditions and simulates the evacuation of personnel under a fire condition in an underwater shield tunnel in our country. Pathfinder simulation evacuation software is used to obtain the time required for fire escape of a double-layer shield tunnel by simulation and to verify the evacuation capability of the evacuation passageway and the effectiveness of evacuation stairs and the evacuation of escape holes. In the simulation, the source of fire was set at the lower level of the tunnel and personnel were evacuated from the lower level of the tunnel to the upper level. The results show that based on the maximum effective width of the evacuation stairs in the tunnel, when the evacuation escape hole spacing is set to 36m, the time of evacuation of the evacuation tunnel to the unexploded zone can be controlled within 6 minutes to satisfy the principle of “6 min” Claim.