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目的了解中越边境口岸鼠类分布及其自然感染病原体情况,为口岸病媒生物防治措施的制定提供科学依据。方法在中越边境东兴、宁明、凭祥等8个口岸,采用鼠笼法捕鼠。采用ELISA法和PCR对鼠类自然感染的汉坦病毒、钩端螺旋体、伯氏疏螺旋体、巴尔通体和鼠疫菌进行检测。结果共捕获到1 633只鼠类,隶属于3目4科7属14种,其中褐家鼠、黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠的比例分别为51.26%、8.51%和22.78%。ELISA法检测出汉坦病毒抗体阳性样本121份,阳性率7.41%;伯氏螺旋体抗体阳性样本95份,阳性率5.82%;钩端螺旋体抗体阳性样本25份,阳性率1.53%。检测到伯氏疏螺旋体核酸3份、钩端螺旋体核酸7份、巴尔通体核酸12份。结论应加强中越边境口岸鼠类的监测和控制,开展灭鼠工作降低啮齿动物的危害。
Objective To understand the distribution of rodents and the naturally infected pathogens in the border crossings between China and Vietnam and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of vector control measures at ports. Methods In the 8 ports of Dongxing, Ningming, Pingxiang, etc. on the border of China and Vietnam, the rats were caught by the squirrel cage method. Hantavirus, Leptospira, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella and Yersinia pestis were naturally detected by ELISA and PCR. Results A total of 1 633 rodents were found, belonging to 14 species, 7 genera, 3 orders, 4 families. The proportion of Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus and Rattus flavipectus were 51.26%, 8.51% and 22.78%, respectively. ELISA positive 121 samples were detected positive for Hantavirus, the positive rate was 7.41%; 95 samples were positive for Borrelia antibody, the positive rate was 5.82%; 25 were positive for Leptospira antibody, the positive rate was 1.53%. 3 copies of Borrelia burgdorferi nucleic acid, 7 Leptospira nucleic acids and 12 Bartonella nucleic acids were detected. Conclusion The monitoring and control of rodents at the border crossings between China and Vietnam should be strengthened to eliminate rodent hazards.