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目的了解2011—2015年北京市朝阳区哨点企业苯系物职业危害的基本情况,为该区做好职业病防治工作提供依据。方法按《重点职业病监测技术方案》,随机抽取朝阳区存在苯系物的哨点企业,收集企业基本资料和接触苯系物作业人员职业健康监护资料,并监测工作场所苯危害情况。结果 2011—2015年北京市朝阳区涉苯系物作业企业多为中小型企业,生产工人中约50%为接触职业性有害因素作业,作业人员职业健康检查的比例较低,其中大型企业接触有害因素人数远高于中小型企业,但中小型企业体检人数占接触有害因素人数比例比大型企业高;作业人员多为低浓度苯系物接触作业,2011年超标率最高为2.85%;各年度之间中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、红细胞计数、血红蛋白、尿蛋白和尿潜血的指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),淋巴细胞、尿蛋白和尿潜血指标异常呈逐年增高趋势(r=0.035,P<0.05;r=0.400,P<0.05;γ=0.077,P<0.05)。结论北京市朝阳区涉苯系物作业的中小企业较多、大型企业接触有害因素的人员数量多,职业健康监护比例较低,作业人员多为低浓度苯系物接触作业,政府部门应开展针对性的监督检查和职业卫生宣传,以保障劳动者健康。
Objective To understand the occupational hazards of benzene series of sentinel enterprises in Chaoyang District of Beijing from 2011 to 2015 and provide basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in this area. Methods According to the “Key Occupational Disease Surveillance Technology Program”, we randomly selected sentinel enterprises that exist benzene-containing substances in Chaoyang District, collected basic information of enterprises and occupational health monitoring data of workers exposed to benzene series, and monitored the hazardous situation of benzene in the workplace. Results In 2011-2015, most of the benzene-related material operating enterprises in Chaoyang District of Beijing were small and medium-sized enterprises. About 50% of the workers in production were exposed to occupational harmful factors, and the occupational health examination of workers was low. Among them, large-scale enterprises were exposed to harmful The number of factors is much higher than the number of SMEs, but the proportion of SMEs in the proportion of the number of physical hazards in contact with harmful factors higher than the large enterprises; mostly low concentrations of benzene workers contact operations, in 2011 up to 2.85% exceeded the standard; There was a significant difference in the index of neutrophil, lymphocyte, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, urinary protein and urinary occult blood (P <0.05), the lymphocyte, urinary protein and urine occult blood showed an increasing trend year by year (r = 0.035 , P <0.05; r = 0.400, P <0.05; γ = 0.077, P <0.05). Conclusions There are many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) involved in benzene-related substances in Chaoyang District of Beijing. Large-scale enterprises have a large number of personnel exposed to harmful factors, occupational health monitoring is relatively low, and most of the workers are exposed to low concentrations of benzene-type compounds. Government departments should conduct Sexual supervision and inspection and occupational health promotion to ensure the health of workers.