目的研究综合性医院急诊科收治的急性中毒患者的流行病学特点。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,对2003年我院急诊科收治的急性中毒患者的性别、年龄、职业、发生时间、发生地点、中毒原因、患者来源、毒物种类、中毒物质名称、毒物侵入途径、急诊诊断、去向及转归等项目进行调查统计分析。结果2003年我院急诊科共收治急性中毒患者1 954例,男女比为1∶1.23,女性多于男性。中毒的年龄主要集中于20~29岁年龄组(占37.21%),此年龄组中女性明显多于男性(女63.41%、男36.59%),其次为30~39岁年龄组(占26.31%)。就诊时间分布特点呈无规律性波动,12月、1月、2月高发,占全年的39.92%。中毒患者的职业排在前4位的是个体开业、农民工、家务及待业人员、儿童和学生。50.92%的中毒发生在家里。就诊时间>1 h者占66.25%,自杀者占急性中毒的31.2%。毒物进入人体最常见的途径是经消化道摄入(77.89%)。首位的中毒种类是其他化学品中毒(不包括药物和农药),占中毒总数的52.58%,居中毒类型第2位的为药物中毒,占14.28%。前6位的中毒病谱依次是酒精中毒、一氧化碳中毒、食物中毒、苯二氮卓艹类镇静催眠药中毒、有机磷农药中毒、鼠剂中毒。97.68%的患者治愈出院,1.02%死亡。结论本研究为急诊科医生提供了有关综合性医院急诊中毒特点的基本资料,为急性中毒防治提供最新的科学资料和依据。 Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning patients admitted to general hospital emergency department. Methods A prospective study was conducted to investigate the gender, age, occupation, time of occurrence, location, cause of poisoning, source of patients, types of poisons, names of poisons, pathways of poisons invaders, emergency department Diagnosis, destination and outcome of the investigation and other projects to conduct statistical analysis. Results A total of 1 954 acute poisoning patients were admitted to our emergency department in 2003, with a male-female ratio of 1: 1.23. There were more women than men. The age of poisoning mainly concentrated in the age group of 20-29 years old (37.21%), in this age group there were more women than men (63.41%, 36.59%), followed by the age group of 30-39 (26.31%), . The characteristics of time distribution showed irregular fluctuations, with high incidence in December, January and February, accounting for 39.92% of the whole year. The top 4 occupations of poisoned patients are individual start-ups, migrant workers, domestic and unemployed people, children and students. 50.92% of poisonings occur at home. Treatment time> 1 h accounted for 66.25%, suicide accounted for 31.2% of acute poisoning. The most common way for poison to enter the body is through the alimentary canal (77.89%). The first type of poisoning is other chemical poisoning (excluding drugs and pesticides), accounting for 52.58% of the total number of poisonings, and the second most poisoned type is drug poisoning, accounting for 14.28%. The first six poisoning disease spectrum followed by alcoholism, carbon monoxide poisoning, food poisoning, benzodiazepine class sedative hypnotics poisoning, organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, rat poisoning. 97.68% of patients were cured and discharged, 1.02% of them died. Conclusion This study provides emergency department physicians with basic information on the characteristics of acute poisoning in general hospitals and provides the latest scientific materials and evidences for the prevention and control of acute poisoning.