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中学立体几何的基础是对空间点、线、面、体的各种位置关系的讨论和研究.高考中也常以棱柱、棱锥等简单的几何体为载体,考查空间中的线线关系、线面关系、面面关系及其相关量的计算与证明.然而,在教学中,如何使学生的空间想象能力有进一步的提高.更上一个台阶,是摆在广大数学教师面前的一大难题.笔者根据自己的教学实践摸索出“构造模型法”帮助学生突破思维定势,寻找解题的突破口,提高解题能力.常见的模型有正方体模型、长方体模型、“三节棍”模型等.
The basis of the middle school’s three-dimensional geometry is to discuss and study the spatial relationships between spatial points, lines, surfaces, and bodies. In the college entrance examination, simple geometric objects such as prisms and pyramids are often used as vectors to examine the relationship between lines and lines in space. The calculations and proofs of relationships, face relationships, and related quantities. However, in teaching, how to make students’ spatial imagination ability further improve. To a higher level, it is a major challenge for mathematics teachers. According to their own teaching practice to explore the “structural model method” to help students break through the mindset, to find a breakthrough in problem solving, and improve the ability to solve problems. Common models are cubes, rectangular models, “three sticks” model, etc. .