精神分析大师弗洛伊德认为人在碰到挫折时往往会不自觉地运用各种自我防御机制,可以在一定程度上帮助人们顺利应付焦虑,保护受伤的自我。下面介绍几种主要的防御机制。 一、压抑(Repression)把受到的攻击和痛苦排除到意识之外,即“忘掉它”。比如5岁以前一些痛苦的事情我们可能都忘了,但它们依然在无意识中起着作用。 二、反向形式(Reaction formation)把自知不受欢迎的方面以相反的形式表现出来,以掩 Freud, the psychoanalyst, believes that people often unconsciously use various self-defense mechanisms when encountering setbacks, which can help people cope with anxiety and protect the injured self to a certain extent. Here are some of the major defense mechanisms. First, Repression Excludes attacks and suffering from being out of consciousness, ie “forgetting it.” For example, some painful things before the age of 5, we may have forgotten, but they still play a role in unconscious. Second, the reactionary form (Reaction formation) To understand the unpopular aspects of the opposite form of expression to cover