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水稻是我国乃至世界上最重要的粮食作物之一.水稻增产对保障粮食安全和人民生活水平具有极其重要的作用.近60年来,我国水稻育种目标和技术的发展,特别是重要基因的发现以及杂种优势技术的创新与利用,极大地提高了水稻的产量水平,影响着水稻的生产方式.当前,农业生产与资源环境的矛盾日益突出,超高产的育种目标和生产方式需要改变.培育和大面积应用抗病虫、肥水高效吸收利用、抗旱性和抗逆性的绿色超级稻,成为水稻育种与利用的新方向.绿色超级稻的构想与实践对作物育种目标、作物生产方式以及农业可持续发展已经产生重大影响.本文简要介绍我国杂交稻的发展以及绿色超级稻的研究现状.
Rice is one of the most important food crops in our country and even in the world.Improving rice production plays an extremely important role in ensuring food security and people’s living standards.During the past 60 years, the development of rice breeding objectives and technologies in China, especially the discovery of important genes, The innovation and utilization of heterosis technology has greatly increased the yield of rice and the way of rice production.Currently, the contradiction between agricultural production and resources and environment has become increasingly prominent, and the breeding goal and mode of production for super-high yield need to be changed. Area application of green super rice resistant to insect pest, fertilizer and water, drought resistance and stress resistance has become the new direction of rice breeding and utilization.The conception and practice of green super rice have a great impact on crop breeding objectives, crop production methods and agricultural sustainable Development has had a significant impact.This article briefly introduces the development of hybrid rice in China and the research status of green super rice.