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自1976年美国首次发现军团病以来,人们意识到军团菌危害,并开始认识它的病原学及其致病原理等。国内外调查研究均表明,空调系统军团菌的污染情况已相当严重,且目前还没有有效的军团菌疫苗预防军团病,空气传播也使切断传播途径的措施难以实现,在流行病学上控制军团病发生的可行方案只有加强可能被污染水源的管理。因此,采用控制污染来源、加强卫生检测和采用有效的物理与化学消毒处理手段就显得尤为重要。为此,就公共场所空调系统中军团菌污染现状与控制措施作一综述。
Since the first discovery of Legionnaires’ disease in the United States in 1976, people were aware of the dangers of Legionella and began to recognize its etiology and its pathogenesis. Domestic and foreign investigations and studies have shown that the air-conditioning system Legionella contamination situation has been quite serious, and there is no effective Legionella vaccine to prevent Legionnaires’ disease, air transmission also cut off the transmission of the measures difficult to achieve, epidemiologically control the Corps Possible solutions to the disease only strengthen the management of contaminated water sources. Therefore, the use of sources of pollution control, health testing and the use of effective physical and chemical disinfection measures is particularly important. To this end, the current situation and control measures of Legionella contamination in public places air conditioning system are reviewed.