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目的·了解上海市中小学生在校午餐摄入情况及营养状况,为制定营养午餐配餐指导意见提供基础数据。方法·运用分层整群随机抽样,抽取上海市小学3所、初中3所、高中1所,共5 322人,采用现场称重法进行连续3 d的午餐摄入量调查,并从学校保健室处获得学生身高、体质量数据。结果·供应量方面,学校午餐肉蛋类供应过多,水产类较少。实际摄入方面,小学、初中生仅肉蛋类达到推荐值,高中生摄入则相对均衡。3个阶段的共同问题是蔬菜摄入均未达标。小学生的午餐摄入情况不佳,低年级更甚;初、高中女生较男生摄入达标情况更差。学生午餐摄入脂肪供能比过高,维生素A、维生素B2、钙及铁的摄入依然不足;而学生的营养状况也呈现消瘦与肥胖并存的现象,消瘦率达11.4%,超重/肥胖率达21.4%。结论·上海市中小学生的午餐摄入还存在一些问题,营养状况分布呈双峰现象;建议制定午餐指导意见时应更多地关注调查中出现的水产类稀缺、蔬菜类摄入少的问题。
Objectives · To understand the school lunch intake and nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Shanghai and to provide basic data for formulating guidance on catering for nutritious lunches. Methods · Using stratified cluster random sampling, 3 primary schools, 3 junior high schools and 1 high school were enrolled in Shanghai. A total of 5 322 persons were sampled. Lunch intake of 3 consecutive days was measured by on-site weighing method. Room to obtain student height, body mass data. Results · In terms of supply, there was too much supply of meat and eggs in school lunches and less aquatic products. The actual intake, primary and junior high school students only reached the recommended value of meat and eggs, high school intake is relatively balanced. The common problem in the three phases is that the intake of vegetables has not reached the standard. Schoolchildren’s lunch intake is not good, lower grades even more; early, high school girls intake of boys than boys even worse. Student lunch intake of fat is too high, vitamin A, vitamin B2, calcium and iron intake is still inadequate; and nutritional status of students also showed the phenomenon of weight loss and obesity, wasting rate of 11.4%, overweight / obesity rate Up to 21.4%. Conclusions · There are still some problems in lunch intake among primary and middle school students in Shanghai, and the distribution of nutritional status presents a bimodal phenomenon. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the shortage of aquatic products and the low intake of vegetables when formulating the lunch instruction.