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笔者在教学中发现有部分中小学教师(特别是小学教师)每天上新课前对学生已学过的知识进行小测验。有的几天搞一次,有的甚至天天搞,并根据学生的得分进行表扬,记入记分册,数次考试的成绩作为评选三好学生的条件。我认为这种做法欠妥。首先从心理学角度讲,一个人的心境是一种微弱平静而持续的情绪。在心境产生的全部时间里,能影响人的整个行动表现:积极的心境有助于工作和学习,勇于克服困难,发挥主动性和创造性;消极的心境则易使人陷于颓唐,妨碍工作和学习。小测验时,学生如考得不好,心情不愉快,上新课也不能认真听,结果影响了新课的学习。其次,一个人注意的转移因人而异,所谓注意的转移是指有目的地、及时地把注意从一个对象转移到另一个对象。活动的目的性往往是注意转移的主要条件,对活动有高度的目的性的人,能够随着目
In the teaching, the author found that some teachers in primary and secondary schools (especially primary school teachers) performed quizzes on the knowledge they had learned before the new class every day. Some engage in a few days, and some even engage in daily activities. They are praised according to the student’s score and recorded in the score book. The results of several examinations are the conditions for selecting the best students. I think this is not a good practice. First of all, from a psychological point of view, a person’s state of mind is a weak, calm and continuous emotion. During the entire period of time the mood is generated, it can affect people’s overall performance: a positive mood helps work and study, courage to overcome difficulties, and initiative and creativity; negative mood makes people fall into the Sui and Tang Dynasties and hinder work and study. . During the quiz, if students are not well-satisfied and feel unhappy, they will not be able to listen to the new lesson and the results will affect the learning of the new lesson. Second, the transfer of a person’s attention varies from person to person. The so-called attention transfer refers to the purposeful and timely transfer of attention from one object to another. The purpose of the activity is often to pay attention to the main conditions for the transfer. People who have a high degree of purpose for the activity can follow the goal.