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伊凡·尼古拉耶维奇·克拉姆斯科依(1837—1887)是一位有远见卓识、重视理论探索的画家,他是俄国巡回展览画派的发起人和组织者。他为俄罗斯绘画的民族化,在理论上和艺术实践上作出了重要贡献,他领导巡回展览画派达十五年之久,经历了十九世纪后期俄国绘画最繁荣的阶段,他培养了一大批学生,奠定了俄罗斯绘画学派的历史地位。克拉姆斯科依生于俄国中部的伏龙涅什省、奥斯特洛戈日斯克城一个清寒的小市民家里。十六岁以前,他当过跑差和乡里的记事员,一八五三年起,他跟随一个流动的照相师修理底版,由于偶然的机会他来到了彼得堡。他平时注重自学和思考,知识相当广博。一八五七年,二十岁的克拉姆斯科依考进了皇家美术学院。外省小城里的一个青年成了京城里最高艺术学府的学生,这消息在他的家乡不胫而走,每当谈起克拉姆斯科依
Ivan Nikolayevich Kramskoye (1837-1887) is a visionary and theoretical painter who was the initiator and organizer of the Russian roving exhibition art school. He made a significant contribution to the nationalization of Russian painting in both theory and practice. He led the exhibition of roving exhibitions for fifteen years and went through the most prosperous period of Russian painting in the late nineteenth century. He trained one A large number of students, laid the historical status of the Russian painting school. Kramsko was born in the province of Vulnius in central Russia, a cold-blooded home in Ostrogsky. Before he was 16, he was a runner and a village clerk, and in 1853 he followed a mobile cameraman to repair the bottom plate and, by chance, came to Petersburg. He usually pay attention to self-learning and thinking, knowledge is extensive. In 1857, Krassesko, 20, entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. A young man in a small provincial town became a student of the tallest art school in the capital. The news spread throughout his hometown. Whenever talking about Krasnoye