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五四时期是中国文化走向现代的伟大转折时期。科学是引导这场转折的伟大旗帜之一，近代西学的传播和自然科学的引入，新型的知识分子群的出现和发展以及科学思潮的勃起，均对20世纪中国文化与中国思想的历史进程产生了极其深刻的影响。这些充分说明了五四时期科学思潮的出现的历史必然性。
May 4th period is a great turning point of Chinese culture to modern times. Science is one of the great banners guiding this turning point. The introduction of modern Western learning and the introduction of natural sciences, the appearance and development of new-type intellectual groups, and the erection of the scientific trend all contributed to the historical process of Chinese culture and Chinese thought in the 20th century Very profound impact. These fully illustrate the historical inevitability of the emergence of scientific thought in the May 4th Movement.