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按要素贡献参与分配是市场经济的基本原则。在竞争条件下,不同类型企业的要素收入分配状况是否存在差异?其主要影响因素是什么?本文将上市公司分为国有与非国有,并测算了各自的主要要素收入份额,发现不同所有制上市公司的劳动收入份额均呈上升趋势,资本收入份额均呈下降趋势,并与全国变化趋势相同。但不同所有制上市公司在初次分配结构上存在显著差异,即国有上市公司劳动收入份额大于非国有上市公司,而资本收入份额小于非国有上市公司。文章利用面板数据模型进一步研究发现所有制性质是影响上市公司要素收入分配结构的主要因素。因此,在分配制度设计中,非国有企业应更注重对员工利益的保护,国有企业应更注重对所有者权益的保护,进而促进分配公平、缩小收入差距。
According to the contribution of factors to participate in the distribution of the basic principles of a market economy. Under the conditions of competition, is there any difference in the distribution of factor income among different types of enterprises and what are their main influential factors? In this paper, the listed companies are divided into state-owned and non-state-owned, and their respective main elements of income share are measured. The share of labor income showed an upward trend and the share of capital income showed a downward trend and the same trend as that of the whole country. However, there are significant differences in the initial distribution structure among listed companies with different ownership, that is, the share of labor income of state-owned listed companies is larger than that of non-state-owned listed companies while the share of capital income is less than that of non-state-owned listed companies. The article further studies using the panel data model to find the nature of ownership is the main factor that affects the income distribution structure of factor income of listed companies. Therefore, in the design of the distribution system, non-state-owned enterprises should pay more attention to the protection of employees’ interests. State-owned enterprises should pay more attention to the protection of the rights and interests of owners, so as to promote fair distribution and narrow the income gap.