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以天线的空域指向为变化因素来分析研究相控阵天线的空域极化特性,推导了偶极子线性阵列在空域波束电扫时的极化特性。采用三维电磁仿真平台(XFDTD)设计了具有625个单元的平面矩形相控阵天线,计算了天线远场的主极化和交叉极化分量,进而利用空域极化描述子得到了不同波束指向下典型相控阵天线极化特性的变化规律。结果表明:相控阵天线的极化特性分析较机械扫描体制复杂,其极化状态的改变取决扫描角、阵元特性以及阵元耦合等非理想因素,并随扫描角近似线性变化。该结论和理论分析的结果相吻合,为相控阵天线空域极化特性的应用提供了理论依据和支持。
The spatial polarization of the phased array antenna was analyzed by changing the spatial orientation of the antenna. The polarization characteristics of the dipole linear array during space-beam scanning were deduced. The planar rectangular phased array antenna with 625 elements was designed by using the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation platform (XFDTD). The main polarization and cross-polarization components were calculated in the far field of the antenna. Then the spatial polarization descriptors were used to obtain different beam pointing directions Variations of polarization characteristics of typical phased array antenna. The results show that the polarization characteristics of the phased array antenna is more complicated than that of the mechanical scanning system. The polarization state of the phased array antenna depends on the non-ideal factors such as the scan angle, the element characteristics and the element coupling, and changes linearly with the scan angle. The conclusion is consistent with the theoretical analysis, which provides a theoretical basis and support for the application of the polarization characteristics of the phased array antenna.