文明的概念与标准文明是人类学家用来同原始的、种族的文化观相对立的一个概念。文明的经济基础是牢固地建立在农业生产力的基础上。同样地,工艺的进步在机能上是同文明的过程相联系的;我们可以把文明的出现看作是社会中道德体系与技术体系的一个相当重要的革命性 The concept of civilization and the standard of civilization are the concepts that anthropologists use to oppose primitive and ethnic cultural ideas. The economic basis of civilization is firmly established on the basis of agricultural productivity. Similarly, technological progress is functionally linked to the process of civilization; we can view the emergence of civilization as a rather important revolution in the moral and technological systems of society