早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）已成为世界范围内首位儿童性致盲眼病，筛查出有致盲危险的严重ROP患儿并及时处置是ROP防治的重点。然而，大约有70%以上的患儿病变会自然退行，无需治疗。全面深入了解ROP自然退行的特征，有助于加深对其自然病程的了解，并为制定ROP筛查和防治策略提供参考。本文旨在对ROP自然退行的流行病学特点、临床特征、退行时程、相关影响因素及视功能情况等进行系统性总结。n （中华眼科杂志，2021：57：150-155）“,”Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has become the leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. It is the key point of ROP prevention and treatment to screen out and deal with severe ROP that require treatment. However, more than 70% ROP regressed spontaneously without treatment. It is useful in deeply understanding the natural course of ROP and is helpful to develop strategies of ROP screening and prevention, that the characteristics of spontaneous regression of ROP are investigated comprehensively. The epidemic characteristics, clinical features, time course, related factors and visual impairment of ROP regression will be systematically summarized in this review.n (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 150-155)