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本文从节能减排的外部性入手,从优缺两方面分析了我国节能减排的现状。存在的主要问题在于节能减排相关法律法规不完善、激励与约束机制不健全、市场主体缺乏动力和压力、科技进步对节能减排支撑能力的不足,而本质上还是财政的缺位造成了节能减排不能到位。通过借鉴国外先进经验,本文提出了解决对策,财政不仅要通过强有力的宏观调控,还要建立基础机制,引导市场来调节。通过建立资源有偿使用制度、建立完善激励和约束机制,最终建立完善的财政税收体系,使节能减排工作有资金和制度的保障。
This article starts with the externality of energy conservation and emission reduction and analyzes the current situation of energy conservation and emission reduction in terms of both good and bad. The main problems are energy-saving emission reduction laws and regulations related to imperfections, incentives and restraint mechanisms are not perfect, the lack of motivation and pressure in the market, the scientific and technological progress on energy-saving emission reduction support capacity deficiencies, but in essence is the absence of financial resources caused by energy-saving Emission reduction can not be put in place. By drawing on advanced experience from abroad, this paper proposes solutions to the problem. Finance must not only adopt a strong macro-control but also establish a basic mechanism to guide the market to adjust. Through the establishment of a system of paid use of resources, the establishment of a sound incentive and restraint mechanism, and ultimately establish a sound fiscal revenue system so that energy-saving emission reduction work with funds and system protection.