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英国历史学家阿克顿曾讲过一个分粥的故事:由七个人组成的小群体,在没有称量工具的情况下每天分食一锅粥。为了公平分配,他们尝试过多种分粥方法。第一种:指定一个人负责分粥。大家很快发现,这个人为自己分的粥最多最稠。于是又换了一个人,结果总是主持分粥的人碗里的粥最多。第二种:每人一天轮流主持分粥。默认了个人为自己多分粥的行为,但赋予了每个人为自己多分粥的机会。结果是每个人在一周中只有一天吃得饱,其余六天都饥肠辘辘。
Acton, a British historian, once told a story about porridge: a small group of seven people who ate a porridge a day without weighing tools. In order to distribute fairly, they tried many kinds of sub-porridge methods. The first one: designated a person responsible for sub-porridge. Everyone soon found out that this person is the most concentrated of their porridge. So for another person, the result is always the most porridge congee porridge. The second one: each day turn chair sub-porridge. By default, individuals behave as multi-congeners for themselves, but give everyone the chance of being a multi-congee. The result is everyone has enough to eat for only one day of the week, and the rest of the day is hungry.