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目的了解哈尔滨市2010-2015年青年学生人群的艾滋病相关知识、行为及HIV、梅毒、丙肝感染情况,为在青年学生中开展艾滋病知识宣教及行为干预工作提供参考依据。方法按照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案》,于2010-2015年抽取哈尔滨市青年学生4 884名,进行问卷调查和HIV、梅毒、丙肝3项血清学检测。问卷及检测结果数据运用SPSS19.0软件进行统计描述。结果 4 884名调查对象的艾滋病知识总知晓率为84.0%。趋势检验结果表明,年份与青年学生艾滋病知晓率之间,随着年份的增加,知晓率呈线性增加的趋势(Z=2.4219,P=0.0154)。青年学生性行为发生率为18.7%,在发生过性行为的男学生中,有男男性行为的占8.8%。趋势性检验结果表明,年份与男男性行为比例之间,随着年份的增加,男男性行为比例呈线性增加的趋势(Z=2.1160,P=0.0343)。最近一年接受过有关预防艾滋病的宣传服务的人不足1/3,最近一年参与过有关预防艾滋病的宣传服务的人不足1/5,最近一年做过艾滋病检测的人只有2.9%。检出HIV阳性12人、梅毒阳性17人、丙肝阳性14人。结论针对青年学生的艾滋病相关宣传服务活动的覆盖面和实效性还存在很多问题,学生咨询检测意识还很低;知识知晓率在普遍达到较高水平后,需要加强行为干预工作,避免“知信行”分离;性行为发生率升高不一定伴随感染率升高,艾滋病感染主要原因是危险性行为。在以后的工作中应通过开展更广泛的艾滋病相关宣传服务活动,加强行为干预质量,提倡主动进行咨询检测,正确引导健康性观念,促进青年学生安全性行为意识等一系列有效措施,来遏制艾滋病在青年学生中蔓延。
Objective To understand AIDS related knowledge, behavior and HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C infection among young students in Harbin in 2010-2015 and to provide reference for carrying out AIDS knowledge education and behavioral intervention among young students. Methods According to “National AIDS Sentinel Monitoring Implementation Plan”, 4 884 young students in Harbin were collected from 2010 to 2015, and questionnaires and 3 serological tests of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C were conducted. Questionnaire and test results data using SPSS19.0 software for statistical description. Results The total awareness of AIDS among 4 884 respondents was 84.0%. The result of trend test showed that the awareness rate increased linearly with the increase of years (Z = 2.4219, P = 0.0154) between the years and the awareness rate of AIDS among young students. The incidence of sexual intercourse among young students was 18.7%, and among male students who had had sexual intercourse, 8.8% of them were having MSM. The results of the trend test showed that there was a linear increase in the proportion of men who had sex with men (M = 2.1160, P = 0.0343) between years and men who had sex with men. In the recent year, less than one-third of the people who received AIDS prevention publicity services have received less than one-fifth of the AIDS-related publicity services in recent years, compared with 2.9% of those who conducted AIDS tests in the recent year. 12 were HIV-positive, 17 were positive for syphilis, and 14 were hepatitis C-positive. Conclusion There are still many problems in coverage and effectiveness of HIV / AIDS-related publicity and service activities for young students. The awareness of counseling and testing for students is still very low. After the awareness rate of knowledge reaches a relatively high level, behavioral interventions need to be strengthened to avoid “ ”Separation; increased incidence of sexual behavior is not necessarily accompanied by an increase in infection rates, the main reason for AIDS infection is dangerous behavior. In the future work, we should stop AIDS through a series of effective measures such as carrying out more extensive AIDS-related publicity and service activities, strengthening the quality of behavioral interventions, advocating voluntary counseling and testing, correctly guiding the concept of health and promoting the safety awareness of young students Spread among young students.