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天麻是特化的兰科植物,它的生长过程必须与蜜环菌共生生活。观察表明:与蜜环菌共生良好的箭麻,开花结实良好;反之,就不能正常生长发育,以至不会开花结实。在厦门箱栽条件下,天麻在开花过程中,以四月份温度达18℃以上就可破土抽苔。在抽苔过程中,温度陆续升高到26.5℃左右,若遇突然降温达22℃以下时,不论温度是否回升,抽苔的箭麻均不再伸长。相对湿度一般在80%左右较适宜。光度过低(全光1%以下),禾麻秆过细长(单节可达32厘米);正常生长结实宜置于全光60%左右的条件下进行。新引种地区因传粉的昆虫因子不满足,故宜采用人工授粉。初步看来,同株异花授粉较好,白花较次,异株居三。不进行人工授粉就出现果实不大,种子少而干瘪,缺胚现象。也看到当天开花当天授粉,以及花序中下部结实较好的迹象。为加速天麻这项贵重常用药材的发展,在结合无性繁殖的同时,进行了有性繁殖的研究,探求出最适宜有性繁殖的各项生态条件获得了初步结果。
Gastrodia is a special Orchidaceae, its growth process must be symbiosis with Armillalla living. Observations show that: symbiosis with Armillalla good arrow Ma, good flowering and fruiting; the other hand, can not grow normally, and will not flowering and fruiting. Box conditions in Xiamen, Tianma flowering process, in April the temperature reached above 18 ℃ can be broken soil bolting. In the bolting process, the temperature gradually increased to 26.5 ℃ or so, in case of sudden cooling below 22 ℃, regardless of whether the temperature rose, bolting Arrow Ma is no longer elongation. Relative humidity is generally about 80% more appropriate. Photometry is too low (less than 1% of the total light), straw over elongated (single up to 32 cm); normal growth and fruiting should be placed in about 60% of all light conditions. New introduction of the area due to pollination of insect factors are not satisfied, it should adopt artificial pollination. Preliminary view, the same cross-pollination is better, more white flowers, different strains Habitat three. Without artificial pollination there is little fruit, seed and shriveled, lack of embryo phenomenon. Also saw the same day pollination flowering, and inflorescences lower signs of better. In order to speed up the development of this valuable and commonly used medicinal herb, we conducted a study of sexual reproduction in combination with asexual reproduction, and obtained initial results for various ecological conditions that are most suitable for sexual reproduction.