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钛及其化合物粉尘职业暴露可引起硬金属肺病,目前关于钛及其化合物的研究以二氧化钛(Ti O2)为主。一些国外机构制定或推荐了Ti O2细颗粒或纳米颗粒的接触限值,而我国目前仅制定了微米级Ti O2粉尘的职业接触限值。Ti O2具有细胞毒性、遗传毒性和肺部毒性,可致实验动物呼吸系统肿瘤,且Ti O2纳米颗粒的毒性和致癌性远高于细颗粒。流行病学调查结果显示,钛及其化合物粉尘最主要的健康危害为呼吸系统损害作用,但国内外研究均表明Ti O2职业暴露与人群肺癌发生风险升高无关。为研究不同理化特性的钛及其化合物粉尘的职业暴露和人群健康效应,为不同粒径钛及其化合物职业接触限值的制定提供依据,本文对钛及其化合物的理化特性、暴露途径、职业接触限值、体外毒性、肺部毒性、致癌效应研究进展和流行病学调查作简单综述。
Titanium and its compounds dust exposure can cause hard metal lung disease, the current research on titanium and its compounds to titanium dioxide (Ti O2) based. Some foreign agencies have formulated or recommended the contact limits of Ti O2 fine particles or nanoparticles, while China currently only sets the occupational exposure limits of micron-sized Ti O2 dust. Ti O2 possesses cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and lung toxicity, which can cause respiratory tumors in experimental animals. Ti O2 nanoparticles are much more toxic and carcinogenic than fine particles. Epidemiological survey results show that the most important health hazards of titanium and its compounds dust respiratory system damage, but domestic and foreign studies have shown that occupational Ti O2 exposure and population lung cancer risk has nothing to do. In order to study occupational exposure and population health effects of titanium and its compound dust with different physical and chemical properties, this paper provides evidences for establishing occupational exposure limits for titanium and its compounds with different particle sizes. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of titanium and its compounds, exposure routes, occupations Exposure limits, in vitro toxicity, lung toxicity, carcinogenic effects and epidemiological investigation of epidemiological survey for a brief review.