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纳米薄膜是指纳米晶粒构成的薄膜,或将纳米晶粒镶嵌于某种薄膜中构成的复合膜,以及每层厚度在纳米量级的单层或多层膜。其性能强烈依赖于晶粒(颗粒)尺寸、膜的厚度、表面粗糙度及多层膜的结构。与普通薄膜相比,纳米薄膜具有许多独特的性能,例如巨电导效应、巨磁电阻效应、巨霍尔效应、可见光发射等。目前制备纳米薄膜的方法很多,其中水热法是很重要的一种。本论文利用水热法以金属锌片作为基片和反应物,加入尿素和NaH2PO4·2H2O或Zn(H2PO4)2·2H2O,以CTAB或OP作为表面活性剂,制备出由菱柱状、块状和片状微米晶组成的磷酸锌薄膜,讨论了反应物的种类、表面活性剂的类型、表面活性剂(CTAB)的加入量、反应时间、反应温度和尿素对磷酸锌物相和微晶形貌的影响,对不同形貌纳米(微米)晶薄膜的形成机理进行了讨论。
Nanofilms refer to films composed of nanocrystalline grains, or composite films in which nanocrystalline grains are embedded in a film and monolayer or multilayer films each having a thickness on the order of nanometers. Its properties strongly depend on the grain size, film thickness, surface roughness and multilayer structure. Compared with the ordinary film, the nano-film has many unique properties such as giant conductance effect, giant magnetoresistance effect, giant Hall effect, visible light emission and the like. Currently there are many ways to prepare nanofilms, of which hydrothermal method is very important. In this thesis, hydrothermal method was used to make zinc metal sheets as substrates and reactants. Urea and NaH2PO4 · 2H2O or Zn (H2PO4) 2 · 2H2O were added to the mixture as raw materials to prepare surfactants with CTAB or OP as surfactant. The effects of the type of surfactant, the type of surfactant, the addition amount of surfactant (CTAB), the reaction time, the reaction temperature and the effect of urea on the phase and microcrystal morphology of zinc phosphate were discussed. The formation mechanism of nano-scale (micro) crystal thin films with different topography is discussed.