植物入侵是指某种植物从外地自然传入或人为引种后成为野生状态,在当地适宜的土壤、气候和缺少天敌抑制的条件下得以迅速繁殖,并取代原有植物,破坏当地生态或经济。外来入侵植物一般多为一、二年生草本植物,具有生活周期短,种子数量巨大,繁殖和传播方式多样,灵活适应环境变化等特征。大部分外来物种成功入侵后,其长势难以控制,压制或排挤本地物种,形成单优势种群,危及本地物种的生态,最终导致生物多样性的丧失。 Invasion of plants refers to a plant that is wildly introduced from the outside or introduced artificially and rapidly multiplied under suitable local soil, climates and lack of natural enemy suppression, and replaces the original plants to destroy the local ecology or economy. Invasive plants are mostly biennial herbs, with short life cycles, a huge number of seeds, diverse breeding and propagation modes, and flexible adaptation to environmental changes. After the successful invasion of most exotic species, their growth is hard to control, suppressing or displacing local species, forming single dominant species and endangering the ecology of native species, eventually resulting in the loss of biodiversity.