建立了适合于水平轴风力机气动特性分析的自由尾迹计算方法。该方法中,桨叶模型采用二阶升力线理论,尾迹使用畸变的自由尾迹模型,以更好地模拟流场特性及桨尖三维效应,采用松弛迭代方法对尾迹涡线进行离散求解。计算了风力机处于轴流工况时桨尖涡位置及诱导速度分布,并与BEM计算结果和文献实验数据进行比较。结果表明,自由尾迹方法计算结果优于BEM理论,并得到详细的尾迹结构和三维流场,具有较好的实用性。 A free wake calculation method suitable for aerodynamic characteristics analysis of horizontal axis wind turbine is established. In this method, the blade model adopts the second-order lift-line theory and the wake uses a distorted free-wake model to better simulate the flow field characteristics and tip three-dimensional effects. The slack iteration method is used to discretize the wake vortex lines. The tip vortex position and induced velocity distribution of wind turbine during axial flow are calculated and compared with BEM calculation results and literature experimental data. The results show that the free wake method is superior to the BEM theory in calculating the wake structure and the three-dimensional flow field, which is of good practicability.