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微生物纳米导线是指在缺少可溶性电子受体的条件下由微生物形成类似菌毛的导电附属物,通过它传递电子是微生物为提高胞外电子传递效率而进化形成的一种有效的电子传递方式。微生物可利用具有高效导电特性的纳米导线将电子传递到远离细胞表面的地方,从而使微生物摆脱了需要直接接触胞外电子受体(Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物或电极)才能传递电子的限制。微生物纳米导线的发现丰富了人们对胞外呼吸多样性的认识,同时其在提高微生物燃料电池产电效率、促进环境中有机污染物的快速降解和生物能源等方面具有重要的应用前景,成为了当前研究的前沿和热点。本文简单介绍了微生物纳米导线的基本特性和产生纳米导线的微生物种类,重点阐述了由Geobacter和Shewanella微生物生成的纳米导线电子传递机制以及其在生物能源和生物修复等方面的应用,并展望了今后的研究重点。
Microbial nanowires are electrically conductive appendages that form similar pili by microorganisms in the absence of soluble electron acceptors. Electron conduction through it is an efficient electron transfer that microorganisms evolve to enhance extracellular electron transfer efficiency. Microorganisms use nanowires, which are highly conductive, to transport electrons away from the cell surface, freeing the microbes from the need to directly contact the extracellular electron acceptor (Fe (III) oxide or electrodes) to pass electrons. The discovery of microbial nanowires has enriched people’s understanding of the diversity of extracellular respiration, and has an important application prospect in improving the power generation efficiency of microbial fuel cells, promoting the rapid degradation of organic pollutants in the environment and bioenergy, and has become the The frontiers and hot spots of current research. In this paper, the basic characteristics of microbial nanowires and the types of microorganisms that produce nanowires are briefly introduced. The nanowire electron transfer mechanism generated by Geobacter and Shewanella microorganisms and their applications in bioenergy and bioremediation are also discussed. In the future, Research focus.