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瑞典皇家科学院将1985年的诺贝尔化学奖授给了赫伯特A.豪普特曼(Herbert A.Hauptman)和杰罗姆·卡尔(Jerome Karle)。卡尔和豪普特曼因在用直接法确定晶体结构方面做出了开创性的工作而得到人们的公认。在晶体学家的语言中,“直接法”涉及的是在晶体的衍射数据中用数学关系式来解决“相问题”,从而可以给出一个原子结构方面的图象。现在,以直接法为基础的计算机程序每年都被常规地用来解决
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle. Karl and Hauptmann gained recognition for their groundbreaking work in determining the crystal structure using the direct method. In the language of the crystallographer, the “direct method” involves the use of mathematical relations in crystal diffraction data to solve the “phase problem” and thereby give an image of the atomic structure. Computer programs based on direct law are now routinely used every year to solve them